Premedication with EMLA cream for ambultory surgery in children.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to confirm the ability of EMLA(R) cream (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anaesthetics, Astra, Sweden) to provide effective dermal analgesia after topical application on the skin of the dorsum of the hand 1 h before venous cannulation for anaesthetic induction. Material and Methods: Prospective, randomized, double blind study. We included 100 children, ASA I-III, distributed into three groups: Group EMLA (E, n=34), Placebo (P, n=33) and Control (C, n=33).

Effects of fluoxetine on the development of lung metastases induced by operative stress in rats.

Experiments were performed in order to evaluate the effects of fluoxetine, a selective inhibitor of neural serotonin transporter antidepressant, on the development lung metastases in rats subjected to laparotomy and injected (i.v.) with 10(4) Walker 256 (W-256) carcinosarcoma cells.

Effects of amphetamine on the development of Moloney sarcoma virus-induced tumors in mice.

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of amphetamine (0. 4 mg/kg) on the development of autochthonous tumors induced by the Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV) in Balb/c female mice. Enhancement of MSV-induced tumor incidence and tumor growth was observed, together with a delay in the usual prompt regression of the tumors, when mice were daily injected with amphetamine for 3 days after MSV-inoculation.

Effects of alprazolam on the development of Moloney sarcoma virus-induced tumors in stressed mice.

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of alprazolam (1 mg/kg i.p.) on the development of autochthonous tumors induced by the Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV) in BALB/c female mice subjected to stress.

Effects of buspirone on the immune response to stress in mice.

Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of buspirone, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine-1A (5-HT1A) anxiolytic, on the immune system of mice exposed to a chronic auditory stressor. Daily injection with 0.5 and 1 mg/kg (intraperitoneally) of buspirone resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the stress-induced suppression of the natural killer (NK) cell activity and the in vitro and in vivo activity of phagocytosis.

Effects of alprazolam on cellular immune response to surgical stress in mice.

Mice exposed to surgical stress induced by laparotomy and treated with chronic alprazolam (0.5-2 mg/kg) showed a dose-dependent reduction in stress-induced suppression of the natural killer (NK) cell activity. These immunoenhancing effects of alprazolam were more intense when it administered before the surgery was performed.

Effects of alprazolam on influenza virus infection in stressed mice.

The review of the literature shows that stress can adversely affect influenza A virus infection. In this report, we study the effects of chronic alprazolam (1 mg/kg/day), a central benzodiazepine agonist anxiolytic, on the influenza A (PR-8/34) virus specific immune injury in mice exposed to a chronic auditory stressor. Treatment with alprazolam resulted in a significant reduction of stress-induced increase of virus titters and pulmonary vascular permeability.

Effects of buspirone on the resistance, development and passive transfer of immunity to Listeria monocytogenes in mice submitted to stress.

Mice exposed to a chronic auditory stressor and treated chronically with buspirone (1 mg/kg) showed a reduction in stress-induced suppression of the resistance and development of immunity to Listeria monocytogenes. Attempts to passively transfer immunity with spleen cells were also performed. Stressed, immunized mice had a reduced capacity to transfer immunity passively to nonimmunized mice and buspirone was found to partially suppress this inhibitory effect of stress.

Phagocytic activity in stressed mice: effects of alprazolam.

Mice exposed to a chronic auditory stressor and daily injected with alprazolam (1 mg/kg/day, s.c.) showed a reduction in stress-induced suppression of the in vitro and in vivo activity of phagocytosis, measured using the zymosan particle uptake method and the carbon clearance test, respectively.

Effects of amphetamine on influenza virus infection in mice.

Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of chronic amphetamine on the influenza A (PR-8/34) virus specific immune injury in CD-1 mice. Treatment with amphetamine resulted in a significant increase of lung virus titers and pulmonary vascular permeability. Amphetamine also increased the lethality of infected mice.

Effects of amphetamine on the activity of phagocytosis in mice.

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the influences of chronic treatment with amphetamine (0.4 mg/kg/day) on the activity of phagocytosis in mice. Results show a decrease of the in vitro and in vivo phagocytosis measured by using the zymosan-particle uptake method and the carbon clearance test, respectively.

Effects of amphetamine on T-cell immune response in mice.

Mice chronically injected with amphetamine (0.4 mg/kg/day) showed a reduction in thymus and spleen cellularity, and in peripheral T lymphocyte population. The blastogenic response of spleen lymphoid cells was assessed and amphetamine was found to inhibit T-cell proliferation.