[Conceptual review of simple renal ectopy and suggestion of a unifying embryogenetic hypothesis].

Proposal for a conceptual review of the theories currently used to explain the pathogenesis of single kidney ectopia. The inner mechanisms which generate this frequent anomaly in the positioning and rotation of the kidneys are far from being understood. Based on a critical review of the literature and our own observational findings, we believe the single kidney ectopia is a time-dependent embryo-development change model which can be used as a ¿chronopathy¿ paradigm.

Muscularis mucosa differentiates two populations with different prognosis in stage T1 bladder cancer.

Objectives: Contrary to previous belief, the existence of a muscularis mucosa in the human urinary bladder has now been well described. Although the degree of development of this structure seems variable, it can frequently be used to differentiate two levels within the subepithelial connective tissue: the lamina propria and the submucosa. The present study evaluates whether this morphologic feature is potentially useful for the identification of two populations with Stage T1 bladder cancer: those with tumor invasion confined to the lamina propria (pT1A) and those with tumors infiltrating into the submucosa (pT1B).

[Staging error in bladder carcinoma: anatomo-clinical correlation].

Presentation of clinico-pathological correlation in a series of patients with bladder carcinoma. All of them had a complete pathological and clinical staging following TNM guidelines (UICC 1987). Clinical evaluation consisted of a clinical examination, urography and/or ultrasound, cystoscopy, bimanual palpation under anaesthesia and biopsy.

Pathogenetical considerations on a case of bilateral pelvic renal ectopia.

The clinical finding of a case of bilateral pelvic renal ectopia, incidentally discovered in a 31 year-old female, leads us to revise the current theories explaining simple renal ectopia. The pathogenesis of this anomaly of kidney position and rotation is far from being clearly understood. However, in the light of normal process of kidney ascension, we understand this entity can be regarded as an example of time-dependent developmental disorder taking place between the 6th and 9th weeks of human embryogenesis.

[Cytogenetic analysis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, stage B (pT2-3a/pN0)].

Muscle-invading urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, stage B of the Jewett-Marshall Scale (T2-T3a/pN0), treated effectively with radical cystectomy, is known to be a highly curable disease. But certain difficulties arise when it comes to apply the traditional morphological factor to the prognosis of this population, partly due to their relative small numbers and the lack of prospective studies on the subject. Apart from the presence or absence of lymph invasion, it is unclear whether the prognostic factors of poor evolution in tumours are also valid in more invasive lesions.

Pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation of the bladder: report of 2 cases and literature review.

We report 2 cases of pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferations of the bladder unrelated to urological trauma. To our knowledge, these cases represent the longest followup (12 and 19 years, respectively) reported in the literature, which confirms the long-term benign nature of an entity that may be clinically and even pathologically mistaken as malignancy. A review of the literature revealed a female predominance (3:1), 50% of the cases manifested in the first 2 decades of life and mean age was significantly lower in male patients (p < 0.

Lethal cytomegalovirus adrenalitis in a case of AIDS.

The clinico-pathologic report of a case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) necrotizing adrenalitis arising in an intravenous drug-abuser and HIV-infected young is presented. CMV urinary tract infection, genital Kaposi's, and demyelinating changes in central nervous system were associated findings.

Extrarenal retroperitoneal angiomyolipoma.

The clinical and pathological findings in a patient with extrarenal angiomyolipoma arising in the perinephric space are presented. This location has been reported only rarely and sets forth some diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties that are also discussed.

Burned-out tumour of the testis presenting as retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma.

A case of "burned-out" tumour of the testis in a 20-year-old man is reported. The tumour presented as widespread retroperitoneal metastases. Orchiectomy displayed a subalbugineal fibrous scar close to the rete testis.

HIV infection presenting as renal polyarteritis nodosa.

We present a case of renal vasculitis (polyarteritis nodosa) in a 36-year-old female prostitute having undetected HIV infection (AIDS-related complex) and chronic B-hepatitis. The pathogenesis and significance of the association between these entities are reviewed.

Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A clinicopathological study of six cases.

Objective: To study the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical findings of small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the urinary bladder, and also to delineate its behaviour in comparison with transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of 552 patients with bladder cancer yielded six cases (1%) of small cell carcinoma which were histologically identical to pulmonary small cell anaplastic carcinoma. Clinical data and follow-up were collected.

Urinoma formation secondary to ureteral obstruction by metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the appendix. Case report.

We report a case of secondary squamous cell carcinoma of the appendix causing spontaneous extravasation of urine and urinoma formation. On the basis of clinical findings, we interpret this rare lesion as metastatic from a cervical carcinoma surgically resected 8 years earlier. Ureteral continuity was restored by retrograde catheterization and the urinoma was drained percutaneously.

[Inverted papillary carcinoma].

Some authors consider the papilloma to be a very low grade papillary carcinoma limited to the urothelium. Similarly, inverted papilloma can be interpreted to be a papillary carcinoma with an inverted growth pattern. Furthermore, the association of transitional cell carcinoma and inverted papilloma supports this concept.

[Primary bladder carcinoma on diverticulum. Clinico-pathologic study of 5 cases].

This paper reviews our experience with the vesical cancer which develops on the diverticulum, a situation occurring in 1.5% of all vesical tumours in our setting. The condition's clinical features (diagnostic and therapeutic), usually detected in advanced stages, are emphasized.

[Bladder carcinoma: I. Epidemiologic considerations in the Basque country].

Review of several facts of epidemiological nature, from a study on bladder urothelial carcinoma cases detected over the period 1983-1990 in our centre, a reference hospital serving the Bilbao area. Certain data recently published by the Euskadi Cancer Register allowed us to establish some considerations related to the presence of this entity in our setting. Its incidence nears the highest rates in industrial countries.