Robotic right lower lobectomy for a persistent large pulmonary arteriovenous malformation following repeated coil embolization.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations create continuous shunting of unoxygenated blood through the lungs into the systemic circulation. These malformations are asymptomatic if small, but cause serious symptoms as they grow in size. Treatment primarily consists of endovascular embolization; lobectomy is preserved for recurring or endovascularly untreatable cases.

Successful mechanical thrombectomy of an intermediate-high risk acute pulmonary embolism using the Alpha Vac aspiration catheter.

Large-bore aspiration thrombectomy is emerging as a promising alternative for thrombus removal in acute pulmonary embolism (PE). In this article, we report a successful case with the newly approved AlphaVac F18 device in a 76-year-old patient presenting with an intermediate- to high-risk acute PE. Preoperative imaging demonstrated bilateral PE with a modified miller index of 30 and an right ventricle-to-left ventricle ratio of 2.

IL-1R1 signaling in TBI: assessing chronic impacts and neuroinflammatory dynamics in a mouse model of mild closed-head injury.

Neuroinflammation contributes to secondary injury cascades following traumatic brain injury (TBI), with alternating waves of inflammation and resolution. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), a critical neuroinflammatory mediator originating from brain endothelial cells, microglia, astrocytes, and peripheral immune cells, is acutely overexpressed after TBI, propagating secondary injury and tissue damage. IL-1 affects blood-brain barrier permeability, immune cell activation, and neural plasticity.

Impact of resident involvement on complication rates in revision total knee arthroplasty.

Objectives: The number of revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures continues to rise, a direct consequence of the increase in primary TKA. The number of arthroplasty-trained orthopaedic surgeons has failed to increase at a corresponding rate, and the increased burden will ultimately fall on non-specialized orthopaedists. Resident involvement in primary TKA has not been found to increase postoperative complications, but revision TKA is more complex and the impact of resident involvement has not been well studied.

Civilian Ballistic Femoral Shaft Fractures Compared With Blunt Femur Shaft Fractures.

Objective: To assess ballistic femoral shaft fracture outcomes in comparison with closed and open femoral shaft fractures sustained by blunt mechanisms. We hypothesized that ballistic femoral shaft fractures would have similar outcomes to blunt open fractures.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Increased Replication Stress Determines ATR Inhibitor Sensitivity in Neuroblastoma Cells.

Despite intensive high-dose multimodal therapy, high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) confers a less than 50% survival rate. This study investigates the role of replication stress in sensitivity to inhibition of Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) in pre-clinical models of high-risk NB. Amplification of the oncogene always imparts high-risk disease and occurs in 25% of all NB.

Impact of interprofessional geriatric teamwork on students' perceptions of older persons and collaborative practice.

Health professions programs lack sufficient exposure to geriatric education in curricula. The Seniors Assisting in Geriatric Education (SAGE) Program exposes interprofessional (IP) teams of health professions students to older adults. To determine the impact of an interprofessional geriatric educational experience on student perceptions of team collaboration and older adults.

Inflammatory Regulation of CNS Barriers After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Tale Directed by Interleukin-1.

Several barriers separate the central nervous system (CNS) from the rest of the body. These barriers are essential for regulating the movement of fluid, ions, molecules, and immune cells into and out of the brain parenchyma. Each CNS barrier is unique and highly dynamic.

Mechanisms underlying the enhancement of γ-aminobutyric acid responses in the external globus pallidus of R6/2 Huntington's disease model mice.

In Huntington's disease (HD), the output of striatal indirect pathway medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) is altered in its target region, the external globus pallidus (GPe). In a previous study we demonstrated that selective optogenetic stimulation of indirect pathway MSNs induced prolonged decay time of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) responses in GPe neurons. Here we identified the mechanism underlying this alteration.

An active avoidance behavioral paradigm for use in a mild closed head model of traumatic brain injury in mice.

Background: A mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs to millions of people each year. Translational approaches to understanding the pathogenesis of neurological diseases and the testing of the effectiveness of interventions typically require cognitive function assays in rodents.

New Methods: Our goal was to validate the active avoidance task using the GEMINI avoidance system in a mouse model of mild closed head injury (CHI).

Measures of Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Quality of Telemedicine in the Management of Alcohol Abuse, Addiction, and Rehabilitation: Systematic Review.

Background: More than 18 million Americans are currently suffering from alcohol use disorder (AUD): a compulsive behavior of alcohol use as a result of a chronic, relapsing brain disease. With alcohol-related injuries being one of the leading causes of preventable deaths, there is a dire need to find ways to assist those suffering from alcohol dependence. There still exists a gap in knowledge as to the potential of telemedicine in improving health outcomes for those patients suffering from AUD.

Enhanced mitochondrial inhibition by 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-acetaldehyde (DOPAL)-oligomerized α-synuclein.

Oligomeric forms of α-synuclein are believed to cause mitochondrial injury, which may contribute to neurotoxicity in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here oligomers of α-synuclein were prepared using the dopamine metabolite, DOPAL (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-acetaldehyde), in the presence of guanidinium hydrochloride. Electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, and Western blotting studies revealed enhanced and stable oligomerization with DOPAL compared with dopamine or CuCl /H O .

Stimulation of synaptoneurosome glutamate release by monomeric and fibrillated α-synuclein.

The α-synuclein protein exists in vivo in a variety of covalently modified and aggregated forms associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology. However, the specific proteoform structures involved with neuropathological disease mechanisms are not clearly defined. Since α-synuclein plays a role in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, an in vitro enzyme-based assay was developed to measure glutamate release from mouse forebrain synaptoneurosomes (SNs) enriched in synaptic endings.

Columellar Aesthetics in Open Rhinoplasty.

Detailed descriptions of the ideals of columellar aesthetics and nostril shape are conspicuously lacking from the medical literature. Achieving an aesthetic nasal base is critical to an optimal rhinoplasty result. Deviations in the columella and variations in its width and height lead to distortion of nostril shape and frequently compromise function.

Central Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support for Blastomycosis-Induced Septic Shock.

, a rare fungus endemic to the central North America, has the potential to cause respiratory dysfunction in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. Blastomycosis infections can progress to severe respiratory failure and multisystem organ failure. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be used as a temporary support device to allow time for a patient's organs to recover.

Rotational assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with reconstructive gastrointestinal surgical anatomy.

Aim: To evaluate the success rates of performing therapy utilizing a rotational assisted enteroscopy device in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in surgically altered anatomy patients.

Methods: Between June 1, 2009 and November 8, 2012, we performed 42 ERCPs with the use of rotational enteroscopy for patients with altered anatomy (39 with gastric bypass Roux-en-Y, 2 with Billroth II gastrectomy, and 1 with hepaticojejunostomy associated with liver transplant). The indications for ERCP were: choledocholithiasis: 13 of 42 (30.

Treatment of alopecia X with medroxyprogesterone acetate.

Background: Alopecia X is a common cause of noninflammatory alopecia in Pomeranian dogs. In the past, treatment with growth hormone injections resulted in hair regrowth in many individuals. Progesterone can induce mammary-derived growth hormone and is used to treat dogs with congenital growth hormone deficiency.

Transient flare of ulcerative colitis after fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a common cause of infectious diarrhea and is usually treated with metronidazole or vancomycin. CDI recurs in 15%-30% of patients after the initial episode and in up to 65% after a second episode. Recurrent infections are a challenge to treat, and patients are usually managed with prolonged pulsed or tapered vancomycin.

Impairment of mitochondria in adult mouse brain overexpressing predominantly full-length, N-terminally acetylated human α-synuclein.

While most forms of Parkinson's Disease (PD) are sporadic in nature, a small percentage of PD have genetic causes as first described for dominant, single base pair changes as well as duplication and triplication in the α-synuclein gene. The α-synuclein gene encodes a 140 amino acid residue protein that interacts with a variety of organelles including synaptic vesicles, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi vesicles and, reported more recently, mitochondria. Here we examined the structural and functional interactions of human α-synuclein with brain mitochondria obtained from an early, pre-manifest mouse model for PD over-expressing human α-synuclein (ASOTg).

Multiple sources of striatal inhibition are differentially affected in Huntington's disease mouse models.

In Huntington's disease (HD) mouse models, spontaneous inhibitory synaptic activity is enhanced in a subpopulation of medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs), which could dampen striatal output. We examined the potential source(s) of increased inhibition using electrophysiological and optogenetic methods to assess feedback and feedforward inhibition in two transgenic mouse models of HD. Single whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrated that increased GABA synaptic activity impinges principally on indirect pathway MSNs.

Synaptoneurosome micromethod for fractionation of mouse and human brain, and primary neuronal cultures.

Brain and primary neuron fractions enriched in synaptic terminals are important tools for neuroscientists in biochemical, neuroanatomical and physiological studies. We describe an annotated updated micro-method for preparing synaptoneurosomes (SNs) enriched in presynaptic and postsynaptic elements. An easy to follow, step-by-step, protocol is provided for making SNs from small amounts of mammalian brain tissue.