Capacity building in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery: Global Health Partnership beyond fistula care in Ethiopia.

Objective: Obstetric fistula is a devastating childbirth injury that leaves women incontinent, stigmatized and often isolated from their families and communities. In Ethiopia, although much attention has focused on treating and preventing obstetric fistula, other more prevalent childbirth-related pelvic floor disorders, such as pelvic organ prolapse, non-fistula-related incontinence and post-fistula residual incontinence, remain largely unattended. The lack of international and local attention to addressing devastating pelvic floor disorders is concerning for women in low- and middle-income countries.

Selective effects of dorsal raphé nucleus glucocorticoid receptor deletion on depression-like behavior in female C57BL/6J mice.

We have shown differing effects of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) deletion from the dorsal raphé nucleus (DRN) and locus coeruleus (LC) on depression-relevant behavior in male mice, but DRN GR deletion has not been tested in female mice. Female floxed GR mice were given DRN injections of AAV2/9 pseudotype viral vectors transducing Cre recombinase to produce DRN GR gene deletion (Cre) and compared with mice receiving DRN injections of AAV2/9 transducing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Social interaction, a measure of depression-like withdrawal, was unaffected by DRN GR deletion, but forced swim immobility, a measure of despair-like passivity, was reduced in female Cre vs.

Feasibility and safety of a novel electromagnetic device for small-bore feeding tube placement.

Background: Misplacement of enteral feeding tubes (EFT) in the lungs is a serious and potentially fatal event. A recent Food and Drug Administration Patient Safety Alert emphasized the need for improved technology for the safe and effective delivery of EFTs.

Objective: We investigated the feasibility and safety of ENvue, a novel electromagnetic tracking system (EMTS) to aid qualified operators in the placement of EFT.

Comparison of point-of-care peripheral perfusion assessment using pulse oximetry sensor with manual capillary refill time: clinical pilot study in the emergency department.

Background: Traditional capillary refill time (CRT) is a manual measurement that is commonly used by clinicians to identify deterioration in peripheral perfusion status. Our study compared a novel method of measuring peripheral perfusion using an investigational device with standardized visual CRT and tested the clinical usefulness of this investigational device, using an existing pulse oximetry sensor, in an emergency department (ED) setting.

Material And Methods: An ED attending physician quantitatively measured CRT using a chronometer (standardized visual CRT).

Hypnotics with novel modes of action.

Insomnia and, more generally, lack of sleep are on the rise. Traditionally treated by classical hypnotics, such as benzodiazepines and Z drugs, which both act on the GABA receptor, and other modalities, including nondrug therapies, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, there is a range of new hypnotics which are being developed or have recently received market approval. Suvorexant and the like target the orexin/hypocretin system: they should have less side effects in terms of drug-drug interactions with e.

Subclinical cardiovascular disease in HIV controller and long-term nonprogressor populations.

Objectives: Elite controllers (ECs), viraemic controllers (VCs), and long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs) control HIV viral replication or maintain CD4 T-cell counts without antiretroviral therapy, but may have increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk compared to HIV-uninfected persons. We evaluated subclinical carotid and coronary atherosclerosis and inflammatory biomarker levels among HIV controllers, LTNPs and noncontrollers and HIV-uninfected individuals in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS).

Methods: We measured carotid plaque presence and common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in 1729 women and 1308 men, and the presence of coronary artery calcium and plaque in a subgroup of men.

Recent Trends and Effectiveness of Antiretroviral Regimens Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV in the United States: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) 2008-2017.

Objective: We evaluated trends and population effectiveness (tolerability, HIV suppression) of current combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimens mindful of treatment guidelines.

Method: Trend analyses included 18 017 person-visits (1457 men) on cART during 2008-2017 in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Effectiveness analyses of current regimens used 3598 person-visit-pairs (745 men) on cART in 2014-2017.

Association of High-Sensitivity Troponin with Cardiac CT Angiography Evidence of Myocardial and Coronary Disease in a Primary Prevention Cohort of Men: Results from MACS.

Background: High-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) elevations are associated with incident cardiovascular disease events in primary prevention samples. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear.

Methods: We studied 458 men without known cardiovascular disease who participated in the cardiovascular disease substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and had cardiac CT angiography.

Inflammation and Risk of Depression in HIV: Prospective Findings From the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

Studies suggest that inflammation might be involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a higher risk of depression and elevated inflammatory profiles. Despite this, research on the link between inflammation and depression among this high-risk population is limited.

Glycine receptor autoantibodies disrupt inhibitory neurotransmission.

Chloride-permeable glycine receptors have an important role in fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the spinal cord and brainstem. Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies to glycine receptors are found in a substantial proportion of patients with progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus, and less frequently in other variants of stiff person syndrome. Demonstrating a pathogenic role of glycine receptor autoantibodies would help justify the use of immunomodulatory therapies and provide insight into the mechanisms involved.

Assessing Femoral Rotation: A Survey Comparison of Techniques.

Objectives: To compare 3 common techniques for assessing femoral malrotation through a response analysis.

Methods: Ten intact human cadaveric pelvis-to-knee specimens were used to create a fracture model. A mobile C-arm x-ray system was used to capture images of an intact control femur and a contralateral test femur on each specimen.

A novel density-volume calcium score by non-contrast CT predicts coronary plaque burden on coronary CT angiography: Results from the MACS (Multicenter AIDS cohort study).

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine if a new score calculated with coronary artery calcium (CAC) density and volume is associated with total coronary artery plaque burden and composition on coronary CT angiography (CCTA) compared to the Agatston score (AS).

Methods: We identified 347 men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS cohort study who underwent contrast and non-contrast CCTs, and had CAC>0. CAC densities (mean Hounsfield Units [HU]) per plaque) and volumes on non-contrast CCT were measured.

Therapeutics for dementia and Alzheimer's disease: New directions for precision medicine.

This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.

Correction to: Interest in Research Participation Among Caregivers of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

During the publication process, an author "M. Pinkett-Davis", who helped conceptualize and revise this study was accidentally excluded from the authorship list. The revised author group is now: Kalb, L.

Antibodies to neuronal surface proteins in Tourette Syndrome: Lack of evidence in a European paediatric cohort.

In Tourette Syndrome (TS) a role for autoantibodies directed against neuronal proteins has long been suspected, but so far results are still inconsistent. The aim of this study was to look for antibodies to specific or undefined neuronal proteins that could be involved in the aetiology of the disease. Sera from children with Tourette Syndrome or another chronic tic disorder (TS/TD), collected as part of the longitudinal European Multicenter Tics in Children Study, were investigated.

Toward Atomistic Modeling of Irreversible Covalent Inhibitor Binding Kinetics.

Covalent inhibitors have emerged as an important drug class in recent years, largely due to their many unique advantages as compared to noncovalent inhibitors, including longer duration of action, lower prolonged systemic exposure, higher potency, and selectivity. However, the potential off-target toxicity of covalent inhibitors, particularly of irreversible covalent inhibitors, represents a great challenge in covalent drug development. Therefore, accurate calculation of protein covalent inhibitor reaction kinetics to guide the design of selective inhibitors would greatly benefit covalent drug discovery efforts.

Society of Behavioral Medicine Position Statement: Congress should protect immigrants seeking health care.

According to the Migration Policy Institute (2019), as of 2017 the USA was home to approximately 44 million immigrants, the largest number of immigrants in the world. Most of these immigrants relocate from Mexico, India, China, the Philippines, El Salvador, Vietnam, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic. Since 2017, there have been increased reports of Immigrations and Customs Enforcement (ICE) interventions toward immigrants, especially at and near previously delineated "safe areas" such as medical facilities, as immigrants sought health care.

Dose-dependent detoxication of the airborne pollutant benzene in a randomized trial of broccoli sprout beverage in Qidong, China.

Background: Airborne pollutants have collectively been classified as a known human carcinogen and, more broadly, affect the health of hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Benzene is a frequent component of air pollution, and strategies to protect individuals against unavoidable exposure to this and other airborne carcinogens could improve the public's health. Earlier clinical trials in Qidong, China, demonstrated efficacy in enhancing the detoxication of benzene using a broccoli sprout beverage.

Risk Factors for Falls, Falls With Injury, and Falls With Fracture Among Older Men With or at Risk of HIV Infection.

Background: Falls and fall risk factors are common among people living with HIV (PLWH). We sought to identify fall risk factors among men with and without HIV.

Methods: Men aged 50-75 years with (n = 279) and without HIV (n = 379) from the Bone Strength Substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were included.

Characterization of pathogenic monoclonal autoantibodies derived from muscle-specific kinase myasthenia gravis patients.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness and caused by pathogenic autoantibodies that bind to membrane proteins at the neuromuscular junction. Most patients have autoantibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR), but a subset of patients have autoantibodies against muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) instead. MuSK is an essential component of the pathway responsible for synaptic differentiation, which is activated by nerve-released agrin.

Midlife adiposity predicts cognitive decline in the prospective Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

Objective: Obesity is a common, modifiable cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factor. Among people with HIV, obesity may contribute to multisystem dysregulation including cognitive impairment. We examined body mass index (BMI) and central obesity (waist circumference [WC]) in association with domain-specific cognitive function and 10-year cognitive decline in men with HIV infection (MWH) vs HIV-uninfected (HIV-) men.

Medical conditions and outcomes in 371 hoarded cats from 14 sources: a retrospective study (2011-2014).

Objectives: The aims of this study were to: (1) describe the source, route of surrender and signalment of hoarded cats relinquished to the Toronto Humane Society (THS); (2) document the prevalence of medical conditions by group (place of origin); (3) compare medical conditions between institutional hoarding (IH) and non-institutional hoarding (NIH) environments; and (4) report length of stay (LOS) and outcomes in hoarded and non-hoarded cats.

Methods: A retrospective, descriptive epidemiological study was performed using THS records from between July 2011 and June 2014. The prevalence of medical conditions was calculated for the different groups.

Interest in Research Participation Among Caregivers of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

The goal of this study was to examine caregiver agreement to hear about local research opportunities by joining a clinical research registry. Data from this cross-sectional study were gathered, between 2014 and 2017, across two outpatient clinics: (1) a multidisciplinary Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) clinic (N = 5228) and (2) a general psychology clinic serving youth with, or at risk for, a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD; N = 5040). Overall, more than 8 in 10 caregivers agreed to join the registry.

Factor VIII prophylaxis effects outweigh other hemostasis contributors in predicting severe haemophilia A joint outcomes.

Introduction: The Joint Outcome Study (JOS) demonstrated that previously untreated children with severe haemophilia A treated with prophylactic factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate had superior joint outcomes at age 6 years compared to those children treated episodically for bleeding. However, variation in joint outcome within each treatment arm was not well explained.

Aim: In this study, we sought to better understand variation in joint outcomes at age 6 years in participants of the JOS.

Behaviour and neuropathology in mice injected with human contactin-associated protein 2 antibodies.

Serum antibodies that bind to the surface of neurons or glia are associated with a wide range of rare but treatable CNS diseases. In many, if not most instances, the serum levels are higher than CSF levels yet most of the reported attempts to reproduce the human disease in mice have used infusion of antibodies into the mouse cerebral ventricle(s) or intrathecal space. We used the intraperitoneal route and injected purified plasma IgG from either a CASPR2-antibody-positive patient (n = 10 mice) or healthy individual (n = 9 mice) daily for 8 days.