Intravesical Instillation of Chemotherapy Before Radical Surgery for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: The REBACARE Trial.

Background And Objective: Intravesical instillation of chemotherapy (IIC) after radical surgery for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) reduces the risk of intravesical recurrence (IVR). However, compliance is low because of possible extravesical leakage after bladder cuff excision. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative IIC in reducing the risk of IVR.

Two-layered immune escape in AML is overcome by Fcγ receptor activation and inhibition of PGE2 signaling in NK cells.

Loss of anticancer NK cell function in AML patients is associated with fatal disease progression and remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that AML-blasts isolated from patients rapidly inhibit NK cell function and escape NK cell-mediated killing. Transcriptome analysis of NK cells exposed to AML-blasts revealed increased CREM expression and transcriptional activity, indicating enhanced cAMP signalling, confirmed by uniform production of the cAMP-inducing prostanoid PGE2 by all AML-blast isolates from patients.

Application of orthodontic force in autotransplanted teeth: a longitudinal study.

Objectives: To longitudinally follow up a cohort of patients with autotransplanted teeth, assessing how the timing of starting orthodontic treatment impacts root length.

Materials And Methods: Patients under 18 with at least one open-apex autotransplanted premolar (AP) replaced to a central incisor position were included. Root/crown ratio (RCR) was calculated on periapical radiographs taken at intervals of 3-6 months after transplantation.

Postoperative Outcomes Following Lung Resection Performed at Private Equity-Acquired Hospitals.

Objective: Private equity acquisition of hospitals performing complex operations is increasingly prevalent in the United States healthcare landscape. While comparative health outcomes for common medical conditions have been investigated, the quality of thoracic surgical care in private equity-acquired hospitals is unknown.

Methods: Medicare Beneficiaries, aged 65-99 years, undergoing elective lung resection between 2016 to 2020 were included.

Validation of mixed reality in planning orbital reconstruction with patient-specific implants.

This study aims to evaluate and compare the usability and performance of mixed reality (MR) technology versus conventional methods for preoperative planning of patient-specific reconstruction plates for orbital fractures. A crossover study design was used to compare MR technology with conventional three-dimensional (3D) printing approaches in the planning of maxillofacial traumatology treatments. The primary focus was on user-friendliness and the accuracy of patient-specific reconstruction planning.

Ex-vivo lung perfusion: National trends and post-transplant outcomes.

Background: Ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has potential to expand donor lung utilization, evaluate allograft viability, and mitigate ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, trends in EVLP use and recipient outcomes are unknown on a national scale. We examined trends in EVLP use and recipient outcomes in the United States.

Unveiling the role of artificial intelligence applied to clear aligner therapy: A scoping review.

Objectives: To conduct a scoping review on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in clear aligner therapy and to assess the extent of AI integration and automation in orthodontic software currently available to orthodontists.

Data And Sources: A systematic electronic literature search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Also, grey literature resources up to March 2024 were reviewed.

Exploring the antiproliferative effect of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and CDK4/6 inhibitors in human papillomavirus‑positive and ‑negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)‑positive and -negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are often associated with activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway due to mutations or amplifications in , loss of or activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. In HPV‑negative tumors, (encoding p16 protein) inactivation or (encoding Cyclin D1 protein) amplification frequently results in sustained cyclin‑dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 activation. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDKi) palbociclib and ribociclib, and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors (PI3Ki) gedatolisib, buparlisib and alpelisib, in suppressing cell viability of HPV‑positive and ‑negative HNSCC cell lines.

Radical Anions of Porphyrin Molecular Wires: Delocalization and Dynamics.

The delocalization length of charge carriers in organic semiconductors influences their mobility and is an important factor in the design of functional materials. Here, we have studied the radical anions of a series of linear and cyclic butadiyne-linked porphyrin oligomers using CW-EPR, H Mims ENDOR and NIR/MIR spectroelectrochemistry together with DFT calculations and multiscale molecular modeling. Low-temperature hyperfine EPR spectroscopy and optical data show that polarons are delocalized nonuniformly over about four porphyrins with most of the spin density on just two units even in the cyclic structures, in which all porphyrin sites are identical.

Socioeconomic inequality in the outcomes of a psychological intervention for depression for South Africans with a co-occurring chronic disease: A decomposition analysis.

Task-shared psychological interventions are effective for reducing the severity of depression symptoms, but differences in treatment outcome by socioeconomic status is uncertain. This study examines socioeconomic inequalities (SEI) in depression outcomes among people with HIV and/or diabetes who participated in a cluster randomised controlled trial in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The trial took place at 24 primary care clinics randomised to deliver a task-shared psychological intervention or treatment as usual (TAU).

Analysis and prediction of condylar resorption following orthognathic surgery.

Condylar resorption is a feared complication of orthognathic surgery. This study investigated condylar resorption in a cohort of 200 patients This allowed for a powerful update on incidence and risk factors. 9.

Rumination induction task in fMRI: Effects of rumination focused cognitive behavioral therapy and stability in youth.

Background: Rumination is implicated in the onset and maintenance of major depressive disorder (MDD). Rumination-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (RF-CBT) effectively targets rumination and may change resting-state brain connectivity and change in activation during a rumination induction task (RIT) post-intervention predicts depressive symptoms two years later. We examined brain activation changes during an RIT in adolescents with remitted MDD following RF-CBT and evaluated RIT reliability (or stability) during treatment as usual (TAU).

Development and validation of an AI-driven tool to evaluate chewing function: a proof of concept.

Background: Masticatory function is an important determinant of oral health and a contributing factor in the maintenance of general health. Currently, objective assessment of chewing function is a clinical challenge. Previously, several methods have been developed and proposed, but implementing these methods in clinics may not be feasible.

A randomised controlled feasibility trial of Behavioural activation as a treatment for people with diabetes and depression: (DiaDeM feasibility trial).

Background: There is a lack of evidence on effective treatments for depression in people with T2DM, particularly in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). This study aims to test the feasibility and acceptability of a culturally adapted Behavioural Activation (BA) intervention (DiaDeM) for people with depression and T2DM in two South Asian LMICs.

Methods: A multicountry, individually randomised-controlled feasibility trial was conducted from March 2022 to November 2022.

Prospects for reducing group mean differences on cognitive tests via item selection strategies.

Cognitive ability tests are widely used in employee selection contexts, but large race and ethnic subgroup mean differences in test scores represent a major drawback to their use. We examine the potential for an item-level procedure to reduce these test score mean differences. In three data sets, differing proportions of cognitive ability test items with higher levels of difficulty or subgroup mean differences were removed from the tests.