Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Pediatric Patients Receiving Intermittent Hemodialysis or Hemodiafiltration.

Introduction: Vancomycin is a common antibiotic used to treat hemodialysis (HD) or hemodiafiltration (HDF)-related infections in pediatric patients, but optimal dosing remains unknown. This is the first observational study to characterize the pharmacokinetics and evaluate dosing of vancomycin in this population.

Methods: Eligible patients received IV vancomycin 10 mg/kg per dose postdialysis followed by a series of serum vancomycin concentrations collected before, immediately after, 1 hour after, and 4 hours after dialysis.

Efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors in the management of pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly prescribed to infants and children for managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Recently published literature illustrates conflicting evidence on the efficacy of PPIs in infants and children. Randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews have demonstrated a lack of efficacy of PPIs, specifically in young infants.

Effect of two-boson exchange on parity-violating e-p scattering.

We compute the corrections from two-photon and gamma-Z exchange in parity-violating elastic electron-proton scattering, used to extract the strange form factors of the proton. We use a hadronic formalism that successfully reconciled the earlier discrepancy in the proton's electron to magnetic form factor ratio, suitably extended to the weak sector. Implementing realistic electroweak form factors, we find effects of the order 2%-3% at Q(2) less, similar0.

Delta resonance contribution to two-photon exchange in electron-proton scattering.

We calculate the effects on the elastic electron-proton scattering cross section of the two-photon exchange contribution with an intermediate Delta resonance. The Delta two-photon exchange contribution is found to be smaller in magnitude than the previously evaluated nucleon contribution, with an opposite sign at backward scattering angles. The sum of the nucleon and Delta two-photon exchange corrections has an angular dependence compatible with both the polarization-transfer and the Rosenbluth methods of measuring the nucleon electromagnetic form factors.

Two-photon exchange and elastic electron-proton scattering.

Two-photon exchange contributions to elastic electron-proton scattering cross sections are evaluated in a simple hadronic model including the finite size of the proton. The corrections are found to be small in magnitude, but with a strong angular dependence at fixed Q2. This is significant for the Rosenbluth technique for determining the ratio of the electric and magnetic form factors of the proton at high Q2, and partly reconciles the apparent discrepancy with the results of the polarization transfer technique.

Relativistic effects and two-body currents in (H)((-->)e(')p)n using out-of-plane detection.

Measurements of the (2)H((-->)e,e(')p)n reaction were performed with the out-of-plane magnetic spectrometers (OOPS) at the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator. The longitudinal-transverse, f(LT) and f(')(LT), and the transverse-transverse, f(TT), interference responses at a missing momentum of 210 MeV/c were simultaneously extracted in the dip region at Q2 = 0.15 (GeV/c)(2).

Treatment of intermittent claudication with pentoxifylline and cilostazol.

The pathophysiology of intermittent claudication (IC) and the role of pentoxifylline and cilostazol for treating IC are discussed. IC, a result of inadequate blood flow to the musculature, is the primary symptom of occlusive peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Patients with IC often have a decreased quality of life because of mobility limitations.

Transdermal nitroglycerin for the prevention of intravenous infusion failure due to phlebitis and extravasation.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical use of transdermal nitroglycerin for the prevention of intravenous infusion failures due to phlebitis or extravasation.

Data Sources: Clinical literature was accessed through a MEDLINE search (1966-May 2000). Key search terms included nitroglycerin, transdermal, phlebitis, extravasation, intravenous, and infusion.