Penetration of linezolid into the pleural cavity in critically ill patients with proven or suspected Gram-positive bacterial infections: a retrospective pharmacokinetic study.

Objectives: To describe the pharmacokinetics (PK) of linezolid in plasma and pleural fluid (PF) in critically ill patients with proven or suspected Gram-positive bacterial infections.

Patients And Methods: Observational PK study in 14 critically ill patients treated with linezolid at standard doses. Blood and PF samples were collected and analysed by HPLC.

Nosocomial cluster of patients infected with imipenemase-1-producing .

Imipenemase (IMI) enzymes are an uncommon class A carbapenemases that have been isolated from aquatic environments and, occasionally, from clinical isolates of . We describe a cluster of three patients infected by IMI-1 carbapenemase-producing (IMI-1-Elud) in a tertiary university hospital in Gran Canaria, Spain. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the Vitek2 AST-N355 card and antibiotic gradient strips.

Visualization of the High Surface-to-Volume Ratio of Nanomaterials and Its Consequences.

When bulk materials are reduced in size to the nanometer scale, in particular, their surface-to-volume ratio increases drastically. We introduce some simple experiments on how to visualize this concept to students in the framework of a laboratory class. In the same context, experiments to demonstrate the consequences of this on the properties of the materials are introduced.

Risk factors and clinical impact of multidrug resistance in healthcare-associated bacteraemic urinary tract infections: a post-hoc analysis of a multicentre prospective cohort in Spain.

Background: The global burden associated with antimicrobial resistance is of increasing concern.

Aim: To evaluate risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) infection and its clinical impact in a cohort of patients with healthcare-associated bacteraemic urinary tract infections (BUTIs).

Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, post-hoc analysis of patients with healthcare-associated-BUTI (ITUBRAS-2).

Invasive squamous cell carcinoma within a plaque of circumscribed palmar hypokeratosis.

Circumscribed palmar hypokeratosis (CPH) is a localized disorder of epidermal keratinization that is presented as a well-delimited, depressed, erythematous plaque on the palms or on the soles. It is histopathologically characterized by an abrupt thinning of the corneal epidermal layer. CPH is considered a benign condition, but a few cases with dysplastic changes/carcinoma in situ in the hypokeratotic epidermis have been described.

Impact of an antimicrobial stewardship program indicator on the appropriateness of the empiric antibiotic treatment of urinary source Escherichia coli bacteraemia.

A prospective multicentre study was carried out between 2017 and 2021 to assess (1) the appropriateness of the empirical treatment to the local guidelines of urinary source Escherichia coli bacteraemia, (2) the appropriateness of empirical treatment to antibiotic sensitivity results and (3) the degree of error in the local guidelines regarding the antibiotic sensitivity reported in acute care hospitals enrolled in the vigilància de les infeccions relacionades amb l'atenció sanitària de Catalunya program. During the study period, 79.0% of the empirical treatments analysed complied with the guidelines and 88.

Long-lasting insecticidal activity in plants driven by chlorogenic acid-loaded metal-organic frameworks.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess a variety of interesting features related to their composition and structure that make them excellent candidates to be used in agriculture. However, few studies have reported their use as delivery agents of agrochemicals. In this work, the natural polyphenol chlorogenic acid (CGA) was entrapped simple impregnation in the titanium aminoterephthalate MOF, MIL-125-NH.

Costs and resource utilization patterns in surgical site infections: a pre-COVID-19 perspective from France, Germany, Spain, and the UK.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs), mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, pose a significant economic burden in Europe, leading to increased hospitalization duration, mortality, and treatment costs, particularly with drug-resistant strains such as meticillin-resistant S. aureus.

Aim: To conduct a case-control study on the economic impact of S.

Viral and Host Factors Are Associated With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19.

Background: Persistent mortality in adults hospitalized due to acute COVID-19 justifies pursuit of disease mechanisms and potential therapies. The aim was to evaluate which virus and host response factors were associated with mortality risk among participants in Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 (TICO/ACTIV-3) trials.

Methods: A secondary analysis of 2625 adults hospitalized for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection randomized to 1 of 5 antiviral products or matched placebo in 114 centers on 4 continents.

Clinical, Microbiological and Treatment Characteristics of Severe Postoperative Respiratory Infections: An Observational Cohort Study.

Respiratory infections are frequent and life-threatening complications of surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, microbiological and treatment characteristics of severe postoperative pneumonia (POP) and tracheobronchitis (POT) in a large series of patients. This single-center, prospective observational cohort study included patients with POP or POT requiring intensive care unit admission in the past 10 years.

Real-world experience of therapeutic drug monitoring and PK/PD achievement of ceftaroline administered by different infusion regimens in patients with confirmed infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria.

Background: Ceftaroline is a novel cephalosporin active against MDR Gram-positive (GP) bacteria. For β-lactam antibiotics, such as ceftaroline, prolonged infusions and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) are used for dosage optimization based on their pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD).

Objectives: To describe our experience with TDM and PK/PD target attainment of ceftaroline administered by intermittent and prolonged infusion in a cohort of patients with MDR-GP bacterial infections.

Reducing the duration of antibiotic therapy in surgical patients through a specific nationwide antimicrobial stewardship program. A prospective, interventional cohort study.

Background: Guidelines recommend 5-7 days of antibiotic treatment in patients with surgical infection and adequate source control. This nationwide stewardship intervention aimed to reduce the duration of treatments in surgical patients to <7 days.

Methods: Prospective cohort study evaluating surgical patients receiving antibiotics ≥7 days in 32 hospitals.

Significant increase of CTX-M-15-ST131 and emergence of CTX-M-27-ST131 Escherichia coli high-risk clones causing healthcare-associated bacteraemia of urinary origin in Spain (ITUBRAS-2 project).

Objectives: To assess the microbiological characteristics of Escherichia coli causing healthcare-associated bacteraemia of urinary origin (HCA-BUO) in Spain (ITUBRAS-2 project), with particular focus on ESBL producers and isolates belonging to ST131 high-risk clone (HiRC). Clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with ST131 infection were investigated.

Methods: A total of 222 E.

Treatment of COVID-19 during the Acute Phase in Hospitalized Patients Decreases Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.

Background: The post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) infection have caused a significant impact on our health system, but there is limited evidence of approved drugs focused on its prevention. Our objective was to identify risk factors that can determine the presence of PASC, with special attention to the treatment received in the acute phase, and to describe the profile of persistent symptoms in a multidisciplinary Post-Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) Unit.

Methods: This one-year prospective observational study included patients following an acute COVID-19 infection, irrespective of whether they required hospital admission.

Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and therapeutic drug monitoring of ceftazidime/avibactam administered by continuous infusion in patients with MDR Gram-negative bacterial infections.

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of β-lactams in critically ill patients has been correlated with better clinical outcomes. Evidence on TDM of newer β-lactams such as ceftazidime/avibactam administered by continuous infusion (CI) is very limited.

Objectives: To describe our experience with TDM of ceftazidime/avibactam and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target attainment in patients with MDR bacterial infections.

Suboptimal Concentrations of Ceftazidime/Avibactam (CAZ-AVI) May Select for CAZ-AVI Resistance in Extensively Drug-Resistant : In Vivo and In Vitro Evidence.

This study correlates in vivo findings in a patient with an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) infection who developed resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) with in vitro results of a 7-day hollow-fiber infection model (HFIM) testing the same bacterial strain. The patient was critically ill with ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by XDR ST175 with CAZ-AVI MIC of 6 mg/L and was treated with CAZ-AVI in continuous infusion at doses adjusted for renal function. Plasma concentrations of CAZ-AVI were analyzed on days 3, 7, and 10.

A novel combined analytical UV and MS approach for the quantification of oleuropein metabolites in human biological samples when authentic standards are not available.

The beneficial health effects of phytochemicals depend on their bioavailability and the form under which they reach systemic circulation, usually as phase II metabolites. The lack of authentic standards for these metabolites makes their quantification in biological samples challenging. A new analytical approach to get a more accurate quantification of oleuropein metabolites in biological samples after ingestion of olive leaf extract was proposed.

Technological and Biotechnological Processes To Enhance the Bioavailability of Dietary (Poly)phenols in Humans.

The health effects of (poly)phenols (PPs) depend upon their bioavailability that, in general, is very low and shows a high interindividual variability. The low bioavailability of PPs is mainly attributed to their low absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract as a result of their low water solubility, their presence in foods as polymers or in glycosylated forms, and their tight bond to food matrices. Although many studies have investigated how technological and biotechnological processes affect the phenolic composition of fruits and vegetables, limited information exists regarding their effects on PP bioavailability in humans.

Impact of moderate dietary protein restriction on glucose homeostasis in a model of estrogen deficiency.

The need to consume adequate dietary protein to preserve physical function during ageing is well recognized. However, the effect of protein intakes on glucose metabolism is still intensively debated. During age-related estrogen withdrawal at the time of the menopause, it is known that glucose homeostasis may be impaired but the influence of dietary protein levels in this context is unknown.

Comparative Analysis of Dalbavancin versus Other Antimicrobial Options for Gram-Positive Cocci Infections: Effectiveness, Hospital Stay and Mortality.

Dalbavancin is a new antibiotic that is effective against Gram-positive microorganisms, including methicillin-resistant , and offers the possibility of administering intravenous therapy once weekly in an ambulatory setting. We conducted a multicenter observational case-control study, comparing all patients who received dalbavancin (cases) with hospitalized patients who were treated instead with daptomycin, linezolid or vancomycin (controls), based on clinical diagnosis, main microorganism involved, and age. The primary outcome was the length of hospital stay after starting the study antimicrobial.

Impact and Management of COVID-19 Among Healthcare Workers in Two Acute Care Hospitals and Two Associated Long-term Care Centres in Barcelona, Spain.

Objective: To describe the characteristics of COVID-19-related episodes in healthcare workers (HCW) of two hospitals.

Methods: Prospective study of HCW with COVID-like symptoms and/or who were close contacts of confirmed COVID-19. The percentage of positive PCRs among those with symptoms was calculated, and symptom's positive predictive value and negative predictive value.