Anti-VEGF therapy selects for clones resistant to glucose starvation in ovarian cancer xenografts.

Background: Genetic and metabolic heterogeneity are well-known features of cancer and tumors can be viewed as an evolving mix of subclonal populations, subjected to selection driven by microenvironmental pressures or drug treatment. In previous studies, anti-VEGF therapy was found to elicit rewiring of tumor metabolism, causing marked alterations in glucose, lactate ad ATP levels in tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether differences in the sensitivity to glucose starvation existed at the clonal level in ovarian cancer cells and to investigate the effects induced by anti-VEGF therapy on this phenotype by multi-omics analysis.

Targeting Adenosine Signalling in Knee Chondropathy: The Combined Action of Polydeoxyribonucleotide and Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields: A Current Concept Review.

Chondropathy of the knee is one of the most frequent degenerative cartilage pathologies with advancing age. Scientific research has, in recent years, advanced new therapies that target adenosine A2 receptors, which play a significant role in human health against many disease states by activating different protective effects against cell sufferance and damage. Among these, it has been observed that intra-articular injections of polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRN) and Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMF) can stimulate the adenosine signal, with significant regenerative and healing effects.

Total and regional body composition are related with aerobic fitness performance in elite futsal players.

Body composition (i.e., fat and lean mass profile) has been related to aerobic performance, an essential capacity for futsal athletes.

In vivo inducible reverse genetics in patients' tumors to identify individual therapeutic targets.

High-throughput sequencing describes multiple alterations in individual tumors, but their functional relevance is often unclear. Clinic-close, individualized molecular model systems are required for functional validation and to identify therapeutic targets of high significance for each patient. Here, we establish a Cre-ER-loxP (causes recombination, estrogen receptor mutant T2, locus of X-over P1) based inducible RNAi- (ribonucleic acid interference) mediated gene silencing system in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of acute leukemias in vivo.

Late-onset adverse events of anti-PD1 therapy in melanoma patients: An observational study from MELBASE, a nationwide prospective cohort.

Background: Late-onset adverse events (AEs) of anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD1) antibodies have not been systematically described.

Objectives: The purpose was to evaluate late-onset AEs in melanoma patients treated with anti-PD1 administered for at least 2 years in a real-life setting.

Methods: Patients were screened from MelBase, a French multicentric biobank dedicated to the prospective follow up of unresectable stage III or IV melanoma.

The defining a model for antimicrobial stewardship-results from an international cross-sectional survey.

Background: Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) have been promoted to optimize antimicrobial usage and patient outcomes, and to reduce the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. However, the best strategies for an ASP are not definitively established and are likely to vary based on local culture, policy, and routine clinical practice, and probably limited resources in middle-income countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate structures and resources of antimicrobial stewardship teams (ASTs) in surgical departments from different regions of the world.

Corrigendum to "The global threat of antimicrobial resistance: science for intervention" [New Microbes New Infect 6 (2015): 22-29].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.

Supplemental treatment of air in airborne infection isolation rooms using high-throughput in-room air decontamination units.

Background: Evidence has recently emerged indicating that in addition to large airborne droplets, fine aerosol particles can be an important mode of influenza transmission that may have been hitherto underestimated. Furthermore, recent performance studies evaluating airborne infection isolation (AII) rooms designed to house infectious patients have revealed major discrepancies between what is prescribed and what is actually measured.

Methods: We conducted an experimental study to investigate the use of high-throughput in-room air decontamination units for supplemental protection against airborne contamination in areas that host infectious patients.

Opinions of families, staff, and patients about family participation in care in intensive care units.

Purpose: The aims of the study were to assess opinions of caregivers, families, and patients about involvement of families in the care of intensive care unit (ICU) patients; to evaluate the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in family members; and to measure family satisfaction with care.

Materials And Methods: Between days 3 and 5, perceptions by families and ICU staff of family involvement in care were collected prospectively at a single center. Family members completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and a satisfaction scale (Critical Care Family Needs Inventory).

PLZF/ZBTB16, a glucocorticoid response gene in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, interferes with glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis.

Glucocorticoids (GCs) cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in lymphoid cells which is exploited to treat lymphoid malignancies. The mechanisms of these anti-leukemic GC effects are, however, poorly understood. We previously defined a list of GC-regulated genes by expression profiling in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during systemic GC monotherapy and in experimental systems of GC-induced apoptosis.

Managing intensive care units: make LOVE, not war!

Objective: Describe a program set up in a French intensive care unit (ICU) aimed at improving communication inside the team and communication information given to patients and their relatives; explain how those actions can improve communication inside the ICU and ultimately why it could improve patient's outcome.

Design And Methods: Position paper.

Intervention: Progressive implementation of multifaceted quality improvement program.

Selected medical errors in the intensive care unit: results of the IATROREF study: parts I and II.

Rationale: Although intensive care units (ICUs) were created for patients with life-threatening illnesses, the ICU environment generates a high risk of iatrogenic events. Identifying medical errors (MEs) that serve as indicators for iatrogenic risk is crucial for purposes of reporting and prevention.

Objectives: We describe the selection of indicator MEs, the incidence of such MEs, and their relationship with mortality.

The "zero risk" concept for hospital-acquired infections: a risky business!

Nosocomial infections represent a serious public health problem. Some recent studies, most of which used strong educational programs, showed a dramatic decrease in the rates of nosocomial infections, particularly catheter-related infections in the intensive care unit. Thus, the concept of "zero risk" is flourishing in the recent literature, and some insurance networks have decided to limit reimbursement for treatment of some of the health care-associated infections, on the grounds that most of them are preventable.

French national program for prevention of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance, 1992-2008: positive trends, but perseverance needed.

Objective: To describe the French program for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections and antibiotic resistance and provide results for some of the indicators available to evaluate the program. In addition to structures and process indicators, the 2 outcome indicators selected were the rate of surgical site infection and the proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates among the S. aureus isolates recovered.

The influence of family structure, the TPH2 G-703T and the 5-HTTLPR serotonergic genes upon affective problems in children aged 10-14 years.

Background: Both genetic and psychosocial risk factors influence the risk for depression in development. While the impacts of family structure and of serotonergic polymorphisms upon individual differences for affective problems have been investigated separately, they have never been considered together in a gene-environment interplay perspective.

Methods: We examined the effects of family structure and two serotonergic polymorphisms (the TPH2 G-703T and the 5-HTTLPR) upon depressive symptoms assessed by the new CBCL/6-18 DSM-oriented Affective Problems scale in a general population sample of 607 Italian children aged 10-14 years.

Sepsis: time to reconsider the concept.

Objective: To discuss the difficulty in using the concept of sepsis for clinical trials and propose new ways for designing future trials for severe infections.

Design: Short position statement. METHODS AND MAIN RESEARCH: Using a thorough evaluation of the recent literature in the field of severe sepsis and septic shock, the authors challenge the concept of sepsis as used in the past two decades and propose new ideas for designing future trials in this setting.

The Italian preadolescent mental health project (PrISMA): rationale and methods.

The Italian preadolescent mental health project (PrISMA--Progetto Italiano Salute Mentale Adolescenti) is the first Italian study designed to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders in preadolescents (10-14 years old) living in urban areas, and to analyse the demographic and biological correlates of emotional and behavioural problems. This paper describes the rationale, methods and the analysis plan of the project. The design of the study used a two-stage sampling procedure, one screening stage of emotional and behavioural problems in a large sample of subjects attending public and private schools and a second stage of diagnostic assessment in a sample including all high scorers and a proportion of low scorers.