Primary Cilium in Neural Crest Cells Crucial for Anterior Segment Development and Corneal Avascularity.

Purpose: Intraflagellar transport 46 (IFT46) is an integral subunit of the IFT-B complex, playing a key role in the assembly and maintenance of primary cilia responsible for transducing signaling pathways. Despite its predominant expression in the basal body of cilia, the precise role of Ift46 in ocular development remains undetermined. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of neural crest (NC)-specific deletion of Ift46 on ocular development.

Association between elevated white blood cell counts and thrombotic events in polycythemia vera: analysis from REVEAL.

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by clonal proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and is associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events (TEs). Established risk factors for TEs in patients with PV include advanced age, TE history, and elevated hematocrit. Although an association of TE with elevated white blood cell (WBC) counts has been suggested by retrospective studies, this relationship needs further validation.

Improvement in Delivery of Ischemic Stroke Treatments but Stagnation of Clinical Outcomes in Young Adults in South Korea.

Background: There is limited information on the delivery of acute stroke therapies and secondary preventive measures and clinical outcomes over time in young adults with acute ischemic stroke. This study investigated whether advances in these treatments improved outcomes in this population.

Methods: Using a prospective multicenter stroke registry in Korea, young adults (aged 18-50 years) with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized between 2008 and 2019 were identified.

A Phase 2 Trial of Sibeprenlimab in Patients with IgA Nephropathy.

Background: A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) is implicated in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. Sibeprenlimab is a humanized IgG2 monoclonal antibody that binds to and neutralizes APRIL.

Methods: In this phase 2, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, we randomly assigned adults with biopsy-confirmed IgA nephropathy who were at high risk for disease progression, despite having received standard-care treatment, in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to receive intravenous sibeprenlimab at a dose of 2, 4, or 8 mg per kilogram of body weight or placebo once monthly for 12 months.

Accuracy of the PEARL-DGS Formula for Intraocular Lens Power Calculation in Post-Myopic Laser Refractive Corneal Surgery Eyes.

Purpose: To investigate the accuracy of the PEARL-DGS formula for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in post-myopic laser refractive corneal surgery eyes.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: A total of 139 eyes of 139 patients (mean axial length: 27.

Deep Learning for Automated Triaging of Stable Chest Radiographs in a Follow-up Setting.

Background Most artificial intelligence algorithms that interpret chest radiographs are restricted to an image from a single time point. However, in clinical practice, multiple radiographs are used for longitudinal follow-up, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). Purpose To develop and validate a deep learning algorithm using thoracic cage registration and subtraction to triage pairs of chest radiographs showing no change by using longitudinal follow-up data.

A novel chalcone derivative exerts anticancer effects by promoting apoptotic cell death of human pancreatic cancer cells.

Aggressive pancreatic cancer is typically treated using chemotherapeutics to reduce the tumor pre-operatively and prevent metastasis post-operatively, as well as surgical approaches. In the present study, we synthesized a hydroxyl group-introduced chalcone derivative (1, IC = 32.1 μM) and investigated its potential as an anticancer drug candidate by evaluating its apoptosis-promoting effects on BXPC-3 cancer cells.

1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid from Pseudognaphalium affine ameliorates dry eye disease via suppression of inflammation and protection of the ocular surface.

Purpose: Pseudognaphalium affine (P. affine), a medicinal plant, has long been used to treat various diseases due to its astringent and vulnerary effects. These therapeutic benefits are largely attributed to high contents of phytochemicals, such as flavonoids and polyphenols, that have anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective activities.

A Narrative Review of Alternative Symptomatic Treatments for Herpes Simplex Virus.

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and -2 (HSV-2) are large, spherically shaped, double-stranded DNA viruses that coevolved with for over 300,000 years, having developed numerous immunoevasive mechanisms to survive the lifetime of their human host. Although in the continued absence of an acceptable prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine, approved pharmacologics (e.g.

Intrarenal Renin-Angiotensin System Activation Alters Relationship Between Systolic Blood Pressure and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Elevated blood pressure and intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity are closely related to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. However, interrelationship between blood pressure and intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity on the risk of CKD progression is unknown.

Methods: We analyzed 2076 participants from the Korean Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With CKD.

Associations of T-Cell Receptor Repertoire Diversity with L-Asparaginase Allergy in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Asparaginase is a critical component of therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but it is commonly associated with allergy, which results in morbidity and poorer outcomes. The underlying basis of this allergy is undoubtedly immune-mediated, but the exact components of T-cell immunity have yet to be characterized. We performed longitudinal TCR sequencing of 180 bone marrow samples from 67 children with B-ALL treated as part of the Ma-Spore-ALL-2010 trial, and we evaluated the associations of TCR profile with asparaginase hypersensitivity, with functional validation of asparaginase activity in a separate cohort of 113 children.

Open-source curation of a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma gene expression analysis platform (pdacR) supports a two-subtype model.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease for which potent therapies have limited efficacy. Several studies have described the transcriptomic landscape of PDAC tumors to provide insight into potentially actionable gene expression signatures to improve patient outcomes. Despite centralization efforts from multiple organizations and increased transparency requirements from funding agencies and publishers, analysis of public PDAC data remains difficult.

Lentiviral Gene Therapy for Artemis-Deficient SCID.

Background: The DNA-repair enzyme Artemis is essential for rearrangement of T- and B-cell receptors. Mutations in , which encodes Artemis, cause Artemis-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency (ART-SCID), which is poorly responsive to allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation.

Methods: We carried out a phase 1-2 clinical study of the transfusion of autologous CD34+ cells, transfected with a lentiviral vector containing , in 10 infants with newly diagnosed ART-SCID.

PIDDosome-SCAP crosstalk controls high-fructose-diet-dependent transition from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis.

Sterol deficiency triggers SCAP-mediated SREBP activation, whereas hypernutrition together with ER stress activates SREBP1/2 via caspase-2. Whether these pathways interact and how they are selectively activated by different dietary cues are unknown. Here, we reveal regulatory crosstalk between the two pathways that controls the transition from hepatosteatosis to steatohepatitis.

Plasma Antiretinal Autoantibody Profiling and Diagnostic Efficacy in Patients With Autoimmune Retinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate plasma antiretinal autoantibody (ARA) profiling and diagnostic efficacy for autoimmune retinopathy (AIR).

Design: A multicenter, diagnostic evaluation study.

Methods: Forty-nine patients with a clinical diagnosis of AIR, disease controls including 20 patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and 30 normal controls were included.

Usefulness of Wave-CAIPI for Postcontrast 3D T1-SPACE in the Evaluation of Brain Metastases.

Background And Purpose: High-resolution postcontrast 3D T1WI is a widely used sequence for evaluating brain metastasis, despite the long scan time. This study aimed to compare highly accelerated postcontrast 3D T1-weighted sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolution by using wave-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (wave-T1-SPACE) with the commonly used standard high-resolution postcontrast 3D T1-SPACE for the evaluation of brain metastases.

Materials And Methods: Among the 387 patients who underwent postcontrast wave-T1-SPACE and standard SPACE, 56 patients with suspected brain metastases were retrospectively included.

Efficacy and Safety of the Extract on Functional Dyspepsia: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Study.

is a folk remedy used to treat inflammation in patients with tumors or liver damage. This study investigated the efficacy of extract (CTE) for relieving the symptoms of functional dyspepsia. In an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 100 adults with any condition featured in the Rome IV criteria and a Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scale (GIS) score ≥4 were randomly allocated to take either a placebo (maltodextrin) or a 50 mg CTE tablet, which equally included celluloses, magnesium stearate, and silicon dioxide, twice daily, 20 January 2020, and 3 August 2020.

Cilostazol Versus Aspirin on White Matter Changes in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background And Purpose: Cerebral small vessel disease is characterized by progressive cerebral white matter changes (WMCs). This study aimed to compare the effects of cilostazol and aspirin on changes in WMC volume in patients with cerebral small vessel disease.

Methods: In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, participants with moderate or severe WMCs and at least one lacunar infarction detected on brain magnetic resonance imaging were randomly assigned to the cilostazol and aspirin groups in a 1:1 ratio.