Baroreflex Sensitivity and Long-Term Dementia Risk in Older Adults.

Background: Increased blood pressure (BP) variability is linked to dementia risk, but the relationship between baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), a fundamental mechanism for maintaining stable BP, and dementia risk is undetermined.

Methods: We tested the hypothesis that impaired BRS is associated with increased dementia risk in 1819 older adults (63% women; age, 71.0±6.

Performance of Image-navigated and Diaphragm-navigated 3D Late Gadolinium-enhanced Cardiac MRI for the Assessment of Atrial Fibrosis.

Purpose To perform a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the novel image-navigated (iNAV) 3D late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac MRI imaging strategy in comparison with the conventional diaphragm-navigated (dNAV) 3D LGE cardiac MRI strategy for the assessment of left atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation (AF). Materials and Methods In this prospective study conducted between April and September 2022, 26 consecutive participants with AF (mean age, 61 ± 11 years; 19 male) underwent both iNAV and dNAV 3D LGE cardiac MRI, with equivalent spatial resolution and timing in the cardiac cycle. Participants were randomized in the acquisition order of iNAV and dNAV.

Measurement of the differential production cross section as a function of the jet mass and extraction of the top quark mass in hadronic decays of boosted top quarks.

A measurement of the jet mass distribution in hadronic decays of Lorentz-boosted top quarks is presented. The measurement is performed in the lepton + jets channel of top quark pair production () events, where the lepton is an electron or muon. The products of the hadronic top quark decay are reconstructed using a single large-radius jet with transverse momentum greater than 400.

Twenty-seven-year time trends in dementia incidence in Europe and the United States: The Alzheimer Cohorts Consortium.

Objective: To determine changes in the incidence of dementia between 1988 and 2015.

Methods: This analysis was performed in aggregated data from individuals >65 years of age in 7 population-based cohort studies in the United States and Europe from the Alzheimer Cohort Consortium. First, we calculated age- and sex-specific incidence rates for all-cause dementia, and then defined nonoverlapping 5-year epochs within each study to determine trends in incidence.

Diagnosis, Genetics, and Therapy of Short Stature in Children: A Growth Hormone Research Society International Perspective.

The Growth Hormone Research Society (GRS) convened a Workshop in March 2019 to evaluate the diagnosis and therapy of short stature in children. Forty-six international experts participated at the invitation of GRS including clinicians, basic scientists, and representatives from regulatory agencies and the pharmaceutical industry. Following plenary presentations addressing the current diagnosis and therapy of short stature in children, breakout groups discussed questions produced in advance by the planning committee and reconvened to share the group reports.

Novel Blood Pressure Locus and Gene Discovery Using Genome-Wide Association Study and Expression Data Sets From Blood and the Kidney.

Elevated blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and has a substantial genetic contribution. Genetic variation influencing blood pressure has the potential to identify new pharmacological targets for the treatment of hypertension. To discover additional novel blood pressure loci, we used 1000 Genomes Project-based imputation in 150 134 European ancestry individuals and sought significant evidence for independent replication in a further 228 245 individuals.

Cerebral Perfusion and the Risk of Dementia: A Population-Based Study.

Background: Cerebral hypoperfusion has previously been associated with mild cognitive impairment and dementia in various cross-sectional studies, but whether hypoperfusion precedes neurodegeneration is unknown. We prospectively determined the association of cerebral perfusion with subsequent cognitive decline and development of dementia.

Methods: Between 2005 and 2012, we measured cerebral blood flow by 2-dimensional phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging in participants of the population-based Rotterdam Study without dementia.

Parental family history of dementia in relation to subclinical brain disease and dementia risk.

Objective: To determine the association of parental family history with risk of dementia by age at onset and sex of affected parent in a population-based cohort.

Methods: From 2000 to 2002, we assessed parental history of dementia in participants without dementia of the Rotterdam Study. We investigated associations of parental history with risk of dementia until 2015, adjusting for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and known genetic risk variants.

Thyroid function and the risk of dementia: The Rotterdam Study.

Objective: To study the role of thyroid function in dementia, cognitive function, and subclinical vascular brain disease with MRI.

Methods: Analyses were performed within the Rotterdam Study (baseline 1997), a prospective, population-based cohort. We evaluated the association of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine with incident dementia using Cox models adjusted for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, and education.

Thyroid Function and Sudden Cardiac Death: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: The association between thyroid function and cardiovascular disease is well established, but no study to date has assessed whether it is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death (SCD). Therefore, we studied the association of thyroid function with SCD in a prospective population-based cohort.

Methods: Participants from the Rotterdam Study ≥45 years with thyroid-stimulating hormone or free thyroxine (FT4) measurements and clinical follow-up were eligible.

Prestroke Vascular Pathology and the Risk of Recurrent Stroke and Poststroke Dementia.

Background And Purpose: Improved short-term survival after stroke has necessitated quantifying risk and risk factors of long-term sequelae after stroke (ie, recurrent stroke and dementia). This risk may be influenced by exposure to cardiovascular risk factors before the initial stroke. Within the population-based Rotterdam Study, we determined the long-term risk of recurrent stroke and dementia, and the proportion of recurrent strokes and poststroke dementia cases that are attributable to prestroke cardiovascular risk factors (ie, the population attributable risk).

Dietary Saturated Fatty Acids and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in a Dutch Middle-Aged and Elderly Population.

Objective: We assessed whether the association between dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) depends on the food source, the carbon chain length of SFA, and the substituting macronutrient.

Approach And Results: From the Rotterdam Study, 4722 men and women (≥55 years) were included. Baseline (1990-1993) SFA intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire.

Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Characteristics on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Relate With History of Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease.

Background And Purpose: Because atherosclerosis is a systemic disease, presence and composition on 1 location may relate to ischemic events in distant locations. We examined whether carotid atherosclerotic wall thickness, stenosis, and plaque composition are related to history of ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods: From the population-based Rotterdam Study, 1731 asymptomatic participants (mean age, 72.

Serum Magnesium and the Risk of Death From Coronary Heart Disease and Sudden Cardiac Death.

Background: Low serum magnesium has been implicated in cardiovascular mortality, but results are conflicting and the pathway is unclear. We studied the association of serum magnesium with coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and sudden cardiac death (SCD) within the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study, with adjudicated end points and long-term follow-up.

Methods And Results: Nine-thousand eight-hundred and twenty participants (mean age 65.

Retinal Microvasculature Is Associated With Long-Term Survival in the General Adult Dutch Population.

Retinal vascular diameters are associated with (sub)clinical cardiovascular disease and short-term cardiovascular mortality, but their association with long-term mortality is uncertain. We studied the association of retinal vascular diameters with cause-specific mortality in the general adult Dutch population during 25 years of follow-up. From 1990 to 1993, arteriolar and venular diameters were measured semiautomatically on digitized images in 5674 persons (mean age 68.

Cerebral Vasoreactivity, Apolipoprotein E, and the Risk of Dementia: A Population-Based Study.

Objective: Cerebral vasoreactivity (CVR) is a key factor in maintenance of continuous cerebral perfusion and a marker of (micro)vascular damage. We aimed to determine the longitudinal relation between CVR and the risk of dementia in the general population.

Approach And Results: We determined CVR in nondemented participants who underwent transcranial Doppler with induced hypercapnia from 1997 to 1999, as part of the ongoing population-based Rotterdam Study.

White Matter Lesion Progression: Genome-Wide Search for Genetic Influences.

Background And Purpose: White matter lesion (WML) progression on magnetic resonance imaging is related to cognitive decline and stroke, but its determinants besides baseline WML burden are largely unknown. Here, we estimated heritability of WML progression, and sought common genetic variants associated with WML progression in elderly participants from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium.

Methods: Heritability of WML progression was calculated in the Framingham Heart Study.

Atherosclerotic plaque in the left carotid artery is more vulnerable than in the right.

Background And Purpose: Ischemic stroke is more often diagnosed in the left hemisphere than in the right. It is unknown whether this asymmetrical prevalence relates to differences in carotid atherosclerosis. We compared atherosclerotic plaque prevalence, severity, and composition between left and right carotid arteries.

Arterial stiffness is associated with carotid intraplaque hemorrhage in the general population: the Rotterdam study.

Objective: The relation between arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis, and specifically the influence of arterial stiffness on plaque composition, is largely unknown. In a population-based study, we investigated the association between arterial stiffness and the presence and composition of carotid atherosclerotic plaques.

Approach And Results: Arterial stiffness was measured in 6527 participants (67.

Changing prediction of mortality by systolic blood pressure with increasing age: the Rotterdam study.

There are indications that in persons of older age, systolic blood pressure (SBP) is no longer associated with mortality. This raises the question whether the predictive value of SBP changes from younger to older age groups. Analysis in the Rotterdam Study, a population-based prospective cohort study among 4,612 participants aged ≥55 years without previous cardiovascular disease and with a median follow-up of 14.