Publications by authors named "J-T Yu"

Background Interest in microwave ablation (MWA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) use for treating secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is rising; however, ablation outcomes in patients with SHPT are not well characterized. Purpose To assess the response of parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels to US-guided parathyroid MWA and RFA and the safety of these treatments in participants with SHPT. Materials and Methods This prospective multicenter cohort study, conducted from September 2017 to March 2022, included participants with SHPT.

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Background: Short-term and long-term adverse events could occur after general anesthesia (GA) and the specific mechanism driving these effects has not yet been well-characterized. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the global effect of GA on DNA methylation in the cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of surgical lung-nodule patients.

Methods: This large retrospective cohort study enrolled 1,006 surgical lung nodule patients (529 pre-anesthesia, and 477 post-anesthesia).

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Wireless communication technologies for bioelectronic implants enable remote monitoring for diagnosis and adaptive therapeutic intervention without the constraints of wired connections. However, wireless data uplink from millimeter-scale devices deep in the body struggles to achieve low power consumption while maintaining large misalignment tolerances. Here, we report a passive wireless backscatter communication system based on magnetoelectric transducers that consumes less than 0.

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  • Dual immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) using CTLA4 and PD-(L)1 inhibitors shows improved anti-tumor effectiveness and immune toxicity compared to PD-(L)1 inhibitors alone in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
  • Patients with mutations in STK11 and/or KEAP1 genes benefit more from the combination treatment compared to those receiving only PD-(L)1 inhibitors, as shown in the POSEIDON trial.
  • The loss of KEAP1 serves as a strong predictor for the success of dual ICB, as it leads to a more favorable outcome by changing the tumor's immune environment to better engage CD4 and CD8 T cells for anti-tumor activity. *
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  • * The paper aims to help radiologists by discussing MRI protocols, workflows, and reporting practices for monitoring amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA).
  • * Key topics include FDA guidelines for ARIA evaluation, standard MRI sequences, patient imaging scenarios, the radiologist's role in treatment, and results from a 2023 survey on dementia imaging practices.
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  • A study was conducted to develop deep learning algorithms for the automatic segmentation of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) lesions in patients with cerebral infarction, involving a large dataset of 8,421 patients from multiple hospitals in Korea.
  • Two models, 2D UNet and SE-Unet, were trained and validated using FLAIR MRI images, with performance measured against a human-segmented gold standard using various statistical metrics.
  • Results showed that while both models had good performance, the SE-Unet outperformed the UNet with higher average Dice Similarity Coefficients (DSCs) in both internal and external validations, indicating it was more reliable for WMH segmentation.
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  • ) Drug efflux transporters, like P-glycoprotein (P-gp), play a crucial role in how drugs are absorbed and their potential toxicity, but their interaction with gut microbial metabolites is not fully understood.
  • ) Research found that a specific gut bacterium from the Actinobacterium family enhances drug absorption in mice by producing a factor that inhibits P-gp’s activity.
  • ) The study also identified genes linked to this inhibition and highlighted certain small polar metabolites that could be key players, stressing the need to consider gut microbiota in drug metabolism beyond just what happens in the liver.
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Subjectivity and ambiguity of visual field classification limits the accuracy and reliability of glaucoma diagnosis, prognostication, and management decisions. Standardised rules for classifying glaucomatous visual field defects exist, but these are labour-intensive and therefore impractical for day-to-day clinical work. Here a web-application, Glaucoma Field Defect Classifier (GFDC), for automatic application of Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson, is presented and validated in a cross-sectional study.

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Rationale And Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the capability of machine learning algorithms in utilizing radiomic features extracted from cine-cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) sequences for differentiating between ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 115 cardiomyopathy patients subdivided into ICM (n = 64) and DCM cohorts (n = 51). We collected invasive clinical (IC), noninvasive clinical (NIC), and combined clinical (CC) feature subsets.

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Urinary catheters have been used for more than 3000 years, although materials have changed from wood to silver to rubber. Research continues to try and find the optimal catheter materials, which improve safety and quality of life. Advantages when comparing newer catheter materials are not always obvious but catheters coated with a hydrophilic layer may reduce urethral trauma and the incidence of urinary tract infections.

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Photon-counting CT is an increasingly used technology with numerous advantages over conventional energy-integrating detector CT. These include superior spatial resolution, high temporal resolution, and inherent spectral imaging capabilities. Recently, photon-counting CT myelography was described as an effective technique for the detection of CSF-venous fistulas, a common cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

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  • Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are recommended for stroke prevention in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and atrial fibrillation (AF), but their real-world effectiveness is unclear.
  • This study analyzed data from nearly 13,000 patients over eight years to examine trends in clinical outcomes related to AIS and AF, particularly looking at how NOAC prescriptions influenced these trends.
  • Results showed that NOAC prescriptions rose significantly from 0% to 75.6%, correlating with a decrease in 1-year incidences of major adverse outcomes from 28.3% to 21.7%, suggesting NOACs may play a key role in improving patient outcomes.
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  • NLRP3 is an important sensor for inflammation in cells and is a target for treating diseases caused by inflammation.* -
  • Recent research reveals how NLRP3 transforms from a closed structure to an active form, specifically through the formation of an open octamer that undergoes a significant hinge rotation.* -
  • The interaction with NEK7 is crucial, as it disrupts larger NLRP3 complexes and leads to the formation of smaller monomers/dimers, which is a key step in the assembly of the fully active inflammasome.*
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  • The phase 3 ASPEN trial compared the effectiveness of two BTK inhibitors, zanubrutinib and ibrutinib, in treating Waldenström macroglobulinemia, analyzing genetic mutations' impact on treatment response.
  • The study found that patients with mutations in CXCR4 and TP53 had poorer responses and survival rates but those treated with zanubrutinib generally showed better outcomes than those given ibrutinib.
  • Overall, the research indicated that zanubrutinib offers improved clinical outcomes for patients with specific mutations compared to ibrutinib, highlighting the importance of genetic testing in treatment decision-making.
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Background: There is a lack of registry studies about transradial access (TRA) outcomes. This prospective registry evaluated the TRA and procedure outcomes of visceral embolizations performed via TRA with 30-day follow-up.

Material & Methods: Prospective, multicenter registry included uterine fibroids (UFE), prostate artery (PAE), liver tumors (LT), and other hypervascular tumors (OHT) embolization performed in six US hospitals.

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Prokaryotic type III CRISPR-Cas systems provide immunity against viruses and plasmids using CRISPR-associated Rossman fold (CARF) protein effectors. Recognition of transcripts of these invaders with sequences that are complementary to CRISPR RNA guides leads to the production of cyclic oligoadenylate second messengers, which bind CARF domains and trigger the activity of an effector domain. Whereas most effectors degrade host and invader nucleic acids, some are predicted to contain transmembrane helices without an enzymatic function.

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  • The rise of autoimmune diseases and related disorders is significant globally, but the underlying causes are still unclear, and there is a lack of comprehensive methods to evaluate new immunomodulatory treatments over time.
  • Researchers used advanced PhIP-Seq technology to study how autoantibody profiles, which are unique to each individual, change in health and disease, identifying a stable immunological fingerprint known as the "autoreactome."
  • The study found that certain therapies, specifically those targeting B-Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA), have a major impact on autoantibody profiles, while others like anti-CD19 and CD-20 have minimal influence, suggesting BCMA-targeted therapies may be more effective in treating autoantibody-mediated diseases.
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  • Photon-counting detector CT myelography offers improved spatial resolution for detecting CSF-venous fistulas but can produce increased noise with sharp kernels and thin slices.
  • A new deep-learning algorithm has been developed to denoise these images, enabling the use of high-quality reconstruction without compromising image clarity.
  • This algorithm, while currently taking 4-6 hours for processing, has the potential to enhance diagnostic sensitivity and improve imaging protocols for better detection of CSF-venous fistulas.
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Very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs; C24-38) constitute a unique class of PUFA that have important biological roles, but the lack of a suitable dietary source has limited research in this field. We produced an n-3 C24-28-rich VLCPUFA-oil concentrated from fish oil to study its bioavailability and physiological functions in C57BL/6J mice. The serum and retinal C24:5 levels increased significantly compared to control after a single-dose gavage, and VLCPUFAs were incorporated into the liver, brain, and eyes after 8-week supplementation.

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Background And Purpose: CSF-venous fistulas are a common cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Lateral decubitus digital subtraction myelography and CT myelography are the diagnostic imaging standards to identify these fistulas. Photon-counting CT myelography has technological advantages that might improve CSF-venous fistula detection, though no large studies have yet assessed its diagnostic performance.

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Background: There is limited information on the delivery of acute stroke therapies and secondary preventive measures and clinical outcomes over time in young adults with acute ischemic stroke. This study investigated whether advances in these treatments improved outcomes in this population.

Methods: Using a prospective multicenter stroke registry in Korea, young adults (aged 18-50 years) with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized between 2008 and 2019 were identified.

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Despite the increasing use of biocatalysis for organic synthesis, there are currently no databases that adequately capture synthetic biotransformations. The lack of a biocatalysis database prevents accelerating biocatalyst characterization efforts from being leveraged to quickly identify candidate enzymes for reactions or cascades, slowing their development. The RetroBioCat Database (available at retrobiocat.

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Background: Population screening of asymptomatic persons with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA or antibodies has improved the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and survival among affected persons. However, the positive predictive value of current screening strategies is unsatisfactory even in areas where nasopharyngeal carcinoma is endemic.

Methods: We designed a peptide library representing highly ranked B-cell epitopes of EBV coding sequences to identify novel serologic biomarkers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

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  • Recent research indicates a lack of interchangeability between modified Rankin Scale measures of functional outcomes and mortality measures in assessing hospital performance for acute ischemic stroke patients.
  • The study evaluated 8292 hospitalized stroke patients and used various metrics like 1-month and 1-year mortality to assess hospital outcomes.
  • Findings revealed no significant correlation between hospitals’ rankings based on functional outcomes and those based on mortality rates, suggesting that these measures evaluate different aspects of hospital performance.
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Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) increases rates of successful breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in patients with breast cancer. However, some studies suggest that BCS after NAC may confer an increased risk of locoregional recurrence (LRR). We assessed LRR rates and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) in patients enrolled on I-SPY2 (NCT01042379), a prospective NAC trial for patients with clinical stage II to III, molecularly high-risk breast cancer.

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