Automated detection of progressive speech changes in early Alzheimer's disease.

Unlabelled: Speech and language changes occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but few studies have characterized their longitudinal course. We analyzed open-ended speech samples from a prodromal-to-mild AD cohort to develop a novel composite score to characterize progressive speech changes. Participant speech from the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) interview was analyzed to compute metrics reflecting speech and language characteristics.

The direct anterior approach to the hip: a useful tool in experienced hands or just another approach?

The direct anterior approach (DAA) to the hip was initially described in the nineteenth century and has been used sporadically for total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, recent increased interest in tissue-sparing and small incision arthroplasty has given rise to a sharp increase in the utilization of the DAA. Although some previous studies claimed that this approach results in less muscle damage and pain as well as rapid recovery, a paucity in the literature exists to conclusively support these claims.

Evaluation of Speech-Based Digital Biomarkers: Review and Recommendations.

Speech represents a promising novel biomarker by providing a window into brain health, as shown by its disruption in various neurological and psychiatric diseases. As with many novel digital biomarkers, however, rigorous evaluation is currently lacking and is required for these measures to be used effectively and safely. This paper outlines and provides examples from the literature of evaluation steps for speech-based digital biomarkers, based on the recent V3 framework (Goldsack et al.

Prestroke Disability Predicts Adverse Poststroke Outcome: A Registry-Based Prospective Cohort Study of Acute Stroke.

Background and Purpose- Information on what effect disability before stroke can have on stroke outcome is lacking. We assessed prestroke disability in relation to poststroke hospital outcome. Methods- Analysis of prospectively collected data from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme.

The Maritime Medical Emergency Response Team: what do we really need?

Since 2006, the Defence Medical Services (DMS) pre-hospital care focus has been the Medical Emergency Response Team (MERT), which has enabled the projection of Damage Control Resuscitation (DCR) to the point of wounding as part of consultant- delivered care. Now in a period of contingency operations, the Royal Navy (RN)’s Role 2 medical capability, Role 2 Afloat (R2A) delivers DCR (including surgery) on a maritime platform. This article will focus on the development of the Maritime MERT component of R2A (termed Maritime In Transit Care (MITC) in Maritime Medical Doctrine) and will discuss the requirements based on experience of and preparation for an operation in 2016.

Establishing and maintaining a robust Role 2 Afloat organisation within the Royal Naval Medical Services.

In 2009, the Royal Navy (RN) reconfigured the Role 2 maritime medical treatment capability, the Role 2 Afloat (R2A). This capability is now firmly established on a number of platforms in the fleet and was recently externally validated on RFA MOUNTS BAY prior to completion of an operational deployment supporting contingency operations in the Mediterranean. This article outlines the future challenges for R2A and offers suggestions on how to maintain a robust R2A organisation within the Royal Naval Medical Service (RNMS).

Cyclosporine protects the heart during aortic valve surgery.

Background: Part of the myocardial damage occurring during cardiac surgery is a consequence of reperfusion injury. Cyclosporine, a potent inhibitor of the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, attenuates reperfusion injury in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. This study investigated whether the administration of cyclosporine just before the aortic cross-unclamping would reduce myocardial injury in patients undergoing aortic valve surgery.

Where are the horses? With the sheep or cows? Uncertain host location, vector-feeding preferences and the risk of African horse sickness transmission in Great Britain.

Understanding the influence of non-susceptible hosts on vector-borne disease transmission is an important epidemiological problem. However, investigation of its impact can be complicated by uncertainty in the location of the hosts. Estimating the risk of transmission of African horse sickness (AHS) in Great Britain (GB), a virus transmitted by Culicoides biting midges, provides an insightful example because: (i) the patterns of risk are expected to be influenced by the presence of non-susceptible vertebrate hosts (cattle and sheep) and (ii) incomplete information on the spatial distribution of horses is available because the GB National Equine Database records owner, rather than horse, locations.

Advice given by health food shops: is it clinically safe?

Objective: To determine whether health shop staff give specific therapeutic recommendations to someone who describes symptoms associated with serious pathology and to determine whether they refer this person to conventional medical care.

Design: Quantitative survey using participant observation.

Setting: Health food shops selling herbal, homeopathic or nutritional remedies in inner London.