Critical reflection on the indication for computed tomography: an interdisciplinary survey of risk and benefit management in patients with sepsis.

Objectives: To survey physicians' views on the risks and benefits of computed tomography (CT) in the management of septic patients and indications for and contraindications to contrast media use in searching for septic foci.

Methods: A web-based questionnaire was administered to physicians at a large European university medical center in January 2022. A total of 371 questionnaires met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed with physicians' work experience, workplace, and medical specialty as independent variables.

T cell margination: investigating the detour of T cells following forimtamig treatment in humanized mice.

T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) are a promising new class of therapeutics for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. A frequently observed, yet incompletely understood effect of this treatment is the transient reduction of circulating T cell counts, also known as T cell margination (TCM). After administration of the GPRC5D-targeting TCB forimtamig (RG6234), TCM occurred in patients and correlated with cytokine release and soluble B cell maturation antigen decrease.

Geographic Progression of Infant Respiratory Syncytial Virus Associated Bronchiolitis Across the United States Before and Since the Onset of COVID-19: Results From Four Health Systems, 2015-2023.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a substantial cause of infant morbidity and mortality due to seasonal peaks of bronchiolitis across the United States. Clinical and viral surveillance plays a pivotal role in helping hospital systems prepare for expected surges in RSV bronchiolitis. Existing surveillance efforts have shown a geographic pattern of RSV positivity across the United States, with cases typically starting in the southeast and spreading north and west.

Racial Disparities in Endometrial Cancer Clinical Trial Representation: Exploring the Role of Eligibility Criteria.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether Black patients with recurrent endometrial cancer were more likely than White patients to be ineligible for a recently published clinical trial due to specific eligibility criteria.

Methods: Patients with recurrent or progressive endometrial cancer diagnosed from January 2010 to December 2021 who received care at a single institution were identified. Demographic and clinicopathologic information was abstracted and determination of clinical trial eligibility was made based on 14 criteria from the KEYNOTE-775 trial.

Editorial Commentary: Diminished Hip Hypoplastic Labrum Predicts Poor Patient Outcomes After Non-augmented Primary Repair.

Diminished hip labral size and tissue quality may be a predictor of poor patient outcomes when a non-augmented primary labral repair is performed. Labral augmentation is an option for patients with hypoplastic or degenerative labral tissue. The optimal graft for augmentation has yet to be identified, and biomechanical research shows no difference in force to suction-seal disruption between dermal allograft and iliotibial band allograft when used to augment the labrum.

Evolutionary trajectories of small cell lung cancer under therapy.

The evolutionary processes that underlie the marked sensitivity of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) to chemotherapy and rapid relapse are unknown. Here we determined tumour phylogenies at diagnosis and throughout chemotherapy and immunotherapy by multiregion sequencing of 160 tumours from 65 patients. Treatment-naive SCLC exhibited clonal homogeneity at distinct tumour sites, whereas first-line platinum-based chemotherapy led to a burst in genomic intratumour heterogeneity and spatial clonal diversity.

Outcome of Epilepsy Surgery in MRI-Negative Patients Without Histopathologic Abnormalities in the Resected Tissue.

Background And Objective: Patients with presumed nonlesional focal epilepsy-based on either MRI or histopathologic findings-have a lower success rate of epilepsy surgery compared with lesional patients. In this study, we aimed to characterize a large group of patients with focal epilepsy who underwent epilepsy surgery despite a normal MRI and had no lesion on histopathology. Determinants of their postoperative seizure outcomes were further studied.

TREX1 Inactivation Unleashes Cancer Cell STING-Interferon Signaling and Promotes Antitumor Immunity.

Unlabelled: A substantial fraction of cancers evade immune detection by silencing Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING)-Interferon (IFN) signaling. Therapeutic reactivation of this program via STING agonists, epigenetic, or DNA-damaging therapies can restore antitumor immunity in multiple preclinical models. Here we show that adaptive induction of three prime exonuclease 1 (TREX1) restrains STING-dependent nucleic acid sensing in cancer cells via its catalytic function in degrading cytosolic DNA.

The OSCAR-MP Consensus Criteria for Quality Assessment of Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Background And Objectives: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a noninvasive high-resolution imaging technique for assessing the retinal vasculature and is increasingly used in various ophthalmologic, neuro-ophthalmologic, and neurologic diseases. To date, there are no validated consensus criteria for quality control (QC) of OCTA. Our study aimed to develop criteria for OCTA quality assessment.

Medicinal Treatment of Elderly Psoriasis Patients before and after Entering a Nursing Home.

Psoriasis (PS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, and it increasingly appears also in the elderly population. There is a rising interest in drug therapy for PS, especially for people receiving care in nursing homes (NH). Which PS-related drugs are prescribed in the time before nursing home admission (NHA), and to what extent does the supply of drugs change after NHA? Which specialties prescribe PS-related drugs? Statutory health insurance data were examined for people with PS, aged ≥ 65 years, who were newly admitted to a NH in the period 2011-2014 and observed for one year before and after NHA.

Abnormalities in Cardiac Structure and Function among Individuals with CKD: The COMBINE Trial.

Background: Individuals with CKD have a high burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Abnormalities in cardiac structure and function represent subclinical CVD and can be assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI).

Methods: We investigated differences in cMRI parameters in 140 individuals with CKD stages 3b-4 who participated in the CKD Optimal Management with BInders and NicotinamidE (COMBINE) trial and in 24 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers.

Gender Discrepancies in Neurologist Compensation.

Background And Objectives: Previous studies have shown gender disparities in physician pay in various specialties. This retrospective, cross-sectional study evaluated data from the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Compensation and Productivity Survey for differences in neurologist compensation by gender.

Methods: Of the 3,268 completed surveys submitted, 2,719 were from neurologists and 1,466 had sufficient data for analysis (551 women, 951 men respondents).

Race, Genetic Ancestry, and Estimating Kidney Function in CKD.

Background: The inclusion of race in equations to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has become controversial. Alternative equations that can be used to achieve similar accuracy without the use of race are needed.

Methods: In a large national study involving adults with chronic kidney disease, we conducted cross-sectional analyses of baseline data from 1248 participants for whom data, including the following, had been collected: race as reported by the participant, genetic ancestry markers, and the serum creatinine, serum cystatin C, and 24-hour urinary creatinine levels.

Genetic Deficiency of TRAF5 Promotes Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Aggravates Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice.

Objective: The accumulation of inflammatory leukocytes is a prerequisite of adipose tissue inflammation during cardiometabolic disease. We previously reported that a genetic deficiency of the intracellular signaling adaptor TRAF5 (TNF [tumor necrosis factor] receptor-associated factor 5) accelerates atherosclerosis in mice by increasing inflammatory cell recruitment. Here, we tested the hypothesis that an impairment of TRAF5 signaling modulates adipose tissue inflammation and its metabolic complications in a model of diet-induced obesity in mice.

Observation of a New Excited Beauty Strange Baryon Decaying to Ξ_{b}^{-}π^{+}π^{-}.

The Ξ_{b}^{-}π^{+}π^{-} invariant mass spectrum is investigated with an event sample of proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016-2018 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140  fb^{-1}. The ground state Ξ_{b}^{-} is reconstructed via its decays to J/ψΞ^{-} and J/ψΛK^{-}. A narrow resonance, labeled Ξ_{b}(6100)^{-}, is observed at a Ξ_{b}^{-}π^{+}π^{-} invariant mass of 6100.

Sotorasib for Lung Cancers with p.G12C Mutation.

Background: Sotorasib showed anticancer activity in patients with p.G12C-mutated advanced solid tumors in a phase 1 study, and particularly promising anticancer activity was observed in a subgroup of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: In a single-group, phase 2 trial, we investigated the activity of sotorasib, administered orally at a dose of 960 mg once daily, in patients with p.

High-Throughput Screening for CEBPD-Modulating Compounds in THP-1-Derived Reporter Macrophages Identifies Anti-Inflammatory HDAC and BET Inhibitors.

This study aimed to identify alternative anti-inflammatory compounds that modulate the activity of a relevant transcription factor, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta (C/EBPδ). C/EBPδ is a master regulator of inflammatory responses in macrophages (Mϕ) and is mainly regulated at the level of gene transcription initiation. To screen for -modulating compounds, we generated a THP-1-derived reporter cell line stably expressing secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) under control of the defined promoter ().

Intense Arm Rehabilitation Therapy Improves the Modified Rankin Scale Score: Association Between Gains in Impairment and Function.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of intensive rehabilitation on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), a measure of activities limitation commonly used in acute stroke studies, and to define the specific changes in body structure/function (motor impairment) most related to mRS gains.

Methods: Patients were enrolled >90 days poststroke. Each was evaluated before and 30 days after a 6-week course of daily rehabilitation targeting the arm.

The Utility of Domain-Specific End Points in Acute Stroke Trials.

Domain-specific endpoints are assessments that correspond to the output of individual neural systems and are useful for capturing treatment effects on specific behaviors. By contrast, global endpoints combine several attributes into a single score and are useful for capturing broad treatment effects in a summary way. While global endpoints have become the de facto mechanism required to define benefit in stroke trials, they also have important limitations, some of which might be addressed by simultaneously measuring domain-specific endpoints.

Efficacy of Selpercatinib in Fusion-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: fusions are oncogenic drivers in 1 to 2% of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). In patients with fusion-positive NSCLC, the efficacy and safety of selective RET inhibition are unknown.

Methods: We enrolled patients with advanced fusion-positive NSCLC who had previously received platinum-based chemotherapy and those who were previously untreated separately in a phase 1-2 trial of selpercatinib.

End-tidal to Arterial Gradients and Alveolar Deadspace for Anesthetic Agents.

Background: According to the "three-compartment" model of ventilation-perfusion ((Equation is included in full-text article.)) inequality, increased (Equation is included in full-text article.)scatter in the lung under general anesthesia is reflected in increased alveolar deadspace fraction (VDA/VA) customarily measured using end-tidal to arterial (A-a) partial pressure gradients for carbon dioxide.