Unusual outcome of treatment of thymoma with immunotherapy: case report.

Background: Thymoma is a rare mediastinal neoplasm originating from thymic epithelial cells, often associated with paraneoplastic syndromes. These syndromes can manifest as a range of autoimmune disorders, including myasthenia gravis, pure red cell aplasia, and aplastic anemia. Clinical trials involving the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in thymoma have been complicated by a high incidence of immune-related adverse effects (irAEs).

Sex-Stratified Genome-Wide Association Study in the Spanish Population Identifies a Novel Locus for Lacunar Stroke.

Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) represents a significant health burden globally, necessitating a better understanding of its genetic underpinnings to improve prevention and treatment strategies. Despite advances in IS genetics, studies focusing on the Spanish population and sex-stratified analyses are lacking.

Methods: A case-control genome-wide association study was conducted with 9081 individuals (3493 IS cases and 5588 healthy controls).

HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represents the most significant breakthrough in the HIV prevention field over the past decade. PrEP is an effective strategy in preventing the transmission of HIV across all populations, providing high adherence. The current PrEP options include oral daily and on-demand tenofovir-based regimens, long-acting injections of cabotegravir, and a 1-month dapivirine vaginal ring.

Antimicrobial Stewardship in the Emergency Department Observation Unit: Definition of a New Indicator and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Use and Clinical Outcomes.

We aimed to define a novel indicator for monitoring antimicrobial use specifically in the Emergency Department Observation Unit (EDOU) and to assess the long-term impact of an institutional education-based antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) on the antimicrobial prescribing pattern and clinical outcomes in this setting. A quasi-experimental interrupted time-series study was performed from 2011 to 2022. An educational ASP was implemented at the EDOU in 2015.

Brief Report: Incidence and Management of Complex Kidney Situations Among On-Demand and Daily HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Users.

Background: We evaluated complex pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) situations linked to kidney issues in a cohort of on-demand and daily PrEP users.

Setting: We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study in France including all PrEP users who received a tenofovir disoproxil (TD)-emtricitabine (FTC) prescription between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2019 with at least 1 creatinine measurement available before and after PrEP initiation.

Methods: A complex kidney situation (CKS) was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/minute/1.

Impact of Standard Versus Low Pneumoperitoneum Pressure on Peritoneal Environment in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: High CO 2 pneumoperitoneum pressure during laparoscopy adversely affects the peritoneal environment. This study hypothesized that low pneumoperitoneum pressure may be linked to less peritoneal damage and possibly to better clinical outcomes.

Materials And Methods: One hundred patients undergoing scheduled laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized 1:1 to low or to standard pneumoperitoneum pressure.

Real-World Outcomes With Lurbinectedin in Second-Line Setting and Beyond for Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Lurbinectedin has emerged as a potential treatment option for relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC). While clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy and safety, real-world data are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lurbinectedin in a real-world setting, focusing on its use as a second-line agent and beyond in SCLC patients.

Traumatic stress symptoms among Spanish healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective study.

Aim: To investigate the occurrence of traumatic stress symptoms (TSS) among healthcare workers active during the COVID-19 pandemic and to obtain insight as to which pandemic-related stressful experiences are associated with onset and persistence of traumatic stress.

Methods: This is a multicenter prospective cohort study. Spanish healthcare workers ( = 4,809) participated at an initial assessment (i.

Time from immune checkpoint inhibitor to sotorasib use correlates with risk of hepatotoxicity in non-small cell lung cancer: A brief report.

Introduction: We evaluated the risk factors and outcomes for patients who experienced hepatotoxicity after use of sotorasib in KRAS G12C mutated NSCLC.

Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of patients with KRAS G12C mutated NSCLC who received sotorasib between May 28th, 2021, and December 31st, 2021 across all Mayo Clinic sites, with follow up until December 31st, 2022.

Results: Thirty-one patients received sotorasib as standard of care treatment.

Long-Term Benefits from Early Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in HIV Infection.

Background: For people with HIV and CD4 counts >500 cells/mm, early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces serious AIDS and serious non-AIDS (SNA) risk compared with deferral of treatment until CD4 counts are <350 cells/mm. Whether excess risk of AIDS and SNA persists once ART is initiated for those who defer treatment is uncertain.

Methods: The Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial, as previously reported, randomly assigned 4684 ART-naive HIV-positive adults with CD4 counts .

Antimicrobial for 7 or 14 Days for Febrile Urinary Tract Infection in Men: A Multicenter Noninferiority Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: The optimal duration of antimicrobial therapy for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in men remains controversial.

Methods: To compare 7 days to 14 days of total antibiotic treatment for febrile UTIs in men, this multicenter randomized, double-blind. placebo-controlled noninferiority trial enrolled 282 men from 27 centers in France.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Viremia in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Should We Treat the CMV? or the HIV? or Both?

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reflects the level of immunodeficiency. In the absence of CMV end-organ disease, early start of effective antiretroviral therapy is the only treatment required and is most often sufficient to control CMV replication.

Determinants and Trends of the Use of Intravenous Thrombolysis for Minor Stroke: A Population-Based Study, 2016 to 2020.

Background: We analyzed the main factors associated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with minor ischemic stroke.

Methods: Data were obtained from a prospective, government-mandated, population-based registry of stroke code patients in Catalonia (6 Comprehensive Stroke Centers, 8 Primary Stroke Centers, and 14 TeleStroke Centers). We selected patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≤5 at hospital admission from January 2016 to December 2020.

Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity of the Replication-Competent HIV Reservoir in Treated Patients.

In HIV infection, viral rebound after treatment discontinuation is considered to originate predominantly from viral genomes integrated in resting CD4 T lymphocytes. Replication-competent proviral genomes represent a minority of the total HIV DNA. While the quantification of the HIV reservoir has been extensively studied, the diversity of genomes that compose the reservoir was less explored.

Capsid Inhibition with Lenacapavir in Multidrug-Resistant HIV-1 Infection.

Background: Patients with multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection have limited treatment options. Lenacapavir is a first-in-class capsid inhibitor that showed substantial antiviral activity in a phase 1b study.

Methods: In this phase 3 trial, we enrolled patients with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection in two cohorts, according to the change in the plasma HIV-1 RNA level between the screening and cohort-selection visits.

Week 96 Genotypic and Phenotypic Results of the Fostemsavir Phase 3 BRIGHTE Study in Heavily Treatment-Experienced Adults Living with Multidrug-Resistant HIV-1.

In the phase 3 BRIGHTE study in heavily treatment-experienced adults with multidrug-resistant HIV-1, fostemsavir plus optimized background therapy (OBT) resulted in sustained rates of virologic suppression through 96 weeks. HIV-1 RNA <40 copies/mL was achieved in 163/272 (60%) Randomized Cohort (RC) participants (with 1 or 2 remaining approved fully active antiretrovirals) and 37/99 (37%) Non-randomized Cohort (NRC) participants (with 0 fully active antiretrovirals). Here we report genotypic and phenotypic analyses of HIV-1 samples from 63/272 (23%) RC participants and 49/99 (49%) NRC participants who met protocol-defined virologic failure (PDVF) criteria through Week 96.

High efficacy of switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in people with suppressed HIV and preexisting M184V/I.

Objective: We investigated the prevalence of preexisting M184V/I and associated risk factors among clinical trial participants with suppressed HIV and evaluated the impact of M184V/I on virologic response after switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF).

Design: Participant data were pooled from six clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of switching to B/F/TAF in virologically suppressed people with HIV.

Methods: Preexisting drug resistance was assessed by historical genotypes and/or baseline proviral DNA genotyping.

Cancer Screening among Rural People Who Use Drugs: Colliding Risks and Barriers.

Rural cancer disparities are associated with lesser healthcare access and screening adherence. The opioid epidemic may increase disparities as people who use drugs (PWUD) frequently experience healthcare-associated stigmatizing experiences which discourage seeking routine care. Rural PWUD were recruited to complete surveys and interviews exploring cancer (cervical, breast, colorectal, lung) risk, screening history, and healthcare experiences.

Safety and immunogenicity of V114, a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, in adults living with HIV.

Objectives: To evaluate safety and immunogenicity of V114 [15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) containing serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F, and 33F], followed by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) 8 weeks later, in adults living with HIV.

Design: In this phase 3 study (V114-018; NCT03480802), pneumococcal vaccine-naive adults with HIV (CD4+ cell count ≥50 cells/μl, plasma HIV RNA <50 000 copies/ml, receiving antiretroviral therapy) were randomized 1 : 1 to receive one dose of V114 or licensed 13-valent PCV (PCV13) on day 1; participants received PPSV23 at week 8.

Methods: Adverse events and serotype-specific opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were evaluated after each vaccination.

PARP7 negatively regulates the type I interferon response in cancer cells and its inhibition triggers antitumor immunity.

PARP7 is a monoPARP that catalyzes the transfer of single units of ADP-ribose onto substrates to change their function. Here, we identify PARP7 as a negative regulator of nucleic acid sensing in tumor cells. Inhibition of PARP7 restores type I interferon (IFN) signaling responses to nucleic acids in tumor models.

Reasons for Not Performing Mechanical Thrombectomy: A Population-Based Study of Stroke Codes.

Background And Purpose: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is effective for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in selected patients with large intracranial vessel occlusion. A minority of patients with AIS receive MT. We aimed to describe the reasons for excluding patients with AIS for MT.