Call to Action: Quality and Simulation Professionals Should Collaborate.

Simulation is underutilized as a tool to improve healthcare quality and safety despite many examples of its effectiveness to identify and remedy quality and safety problems, improve teamwork, and improve various measures of quality and safety that are important to healthcare organizations, eg, patient safety indicators. We urge quality and safety and simulation professionals to collaborate with their counterparts in their organizations to employ simulation in ways that improve the quality and safety of care of their patients. These collaborations could begin through initiating conversations among the quality and safety and simulation professionals, perhaps using this article as a prompt for discussion, identifying one area in need of quality and safety improvement for which simulation can be helpful, and beginning that work.

Curriculum Innovation: Design and Implementation of Synchronous and Asynchronous Curricula to Enhance Residents' EEG Knowledge and Experience.

Introduction And Problem Statement: There is a need for structured EEG education opportunities to enhance neurology resident education. To address this need, the American Epilepsy Society (AES) supported the development and implementation of both synchronous and asynchronous EEG courses.

Objectives: To produce EEG curricula that enhance resident EEG learning, increase interest in EEG and improve participants' knowledge, and to ensure that courses were highly used and available to the broadest range of learners.

How to Peer Review a Neurology Education Manuscript.

Peer review is an essential process in scientific research, ensuring the comprehensiveness, accuracy, and suitability of manuscripts for publication. Neurology education research differs from biomedical clinical research in several ways. These differences encompass specific paradigms, the use of theoretical frameworks, and different methodological approaches.

[XVI Post-ECTRIMS Meeting: review of the new developments presented at the 2023 ECTRIMS Congress (II)].

The XVI Post-ECTRIMS meeting was held in Seville on 20 and 21 October 2023, where expert neurologists in multiple sclerosis (MS) summarised the main new developments presented at the ECTRIMS 2023 congress, which took place in Milan from 11 to 13 October. The aim of this article is to summarise the content presented at the Post-ECTRIMS Meeting, in an article in two parts. This second part covers the health of women and elderly MS patients, new trends in the treatment of cognitive impairment, focusing particularly on meditation, neuroeducation and cognitive rehabilitation, and introduces the concept of fatigability, which has been used to a limited extent in MS.

[XVI Post-ECTRIMS Meeting: review of the new developments presented at the 2023 ECTRIMS Congress (I)].

The XVI Post-ECTRIMS meeting took place in Seville on 20 and 21 October 2023. This meeting was attended by neurologists specialising in multiple sclerosis (MS) from Spain, who shared a summary of the most interesting innovations at the ECTRIMS congress, which had taken place in Milan the previous week. The aim of this article is to summarise new developments related to the pathogenesis, diagnosis and prognosis of MS.

Immune heterogeneity in small-cell lung cancer and vulnerability to immune checkpoint blockade.

Atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1), combined with carboplatin and etoposide (CE), is now a standard of care for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). A clearer understanding of therapeutically relevant SCLC subsets could identify rational combination strategies and improve outcomes. We conduct transcriptomic analyses and non-negative matrix factorization on 271 pre-treatment patient tumor samples from IMpower133 and identify four subsets with general concordance to previously reported SCLC subtypes (SCLC-A, -N, -P, and -I).

Two Randomized Trials of Low-Dose Calcium Supplementation in Pregnancy.

Background: The World Health Organization recommends 1500 to 2000 mg of calcium daily as supplementation, divided into three doses, for pregnant persons in populations with low dietary calcium intake in order to reduce the risk of preeclampsia. The complexity of the dosing scheme, however, has led to implementation barriers.

Methods: We conducted two independent randomized trials of calcium supplementation, in India and Tanzania, to assess the noninferiority of a 500-mg daily dose to a 1500-mg daily dose of calcium supplementation.

Mosaic HIV-1 vaccination induces anti-viral CD8 T cell functionality in the phase 1/2a clinical trial APPROACH.

The functionality of CD8+ T cells against human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) antigens is indicative of HIV-progression in both animal models and people living with HIV. It is, therefore, of interest to assess CD8+ T cell responses in a prophylactic vaccination setting, as this may be an important component of the immune system that inhibits HIV-1 replication. T cell responses induced by the adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) mosaic vaccine regimen were assessed previously by IFN-γ ELISpot and flow cytometric assays, yet these assays only measure cytokine production but not the capacity of CD8+ T cells to inhibit replication of HIV-1.

COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Millions of people worldwide have chronic kidney disease (CKD). Affected patients are at high risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease for several reasons. Among various comorbidities, CKD is associated with the more severe forms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Doravirine/Lamivudine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate for Nonoccupational HIV-1 Postexposure Prophylaxis: A Prospective Open-Label Trial (DORAVIPEP).

Background: New regimens may provide better tolerability, convenience, and safety for nonoccupational human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). For this reason, we evaluated the single-tablet regimen of doravirine/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DOR/3TC/TDF) for 28 days.

Methods: This was a prospective, open-label, single-arm trial including individuals with potential HIV-1 exposure within 72 hours.

[15th Post-ECTRIMS Meeting: a review of the latest developments presented at the 2022 ECTRIMS Congress (Part II)].

Introduction: On 4 and 5 November 2022, Madrid hosted the 15th edition of the Post-ECTRIMS Meeting, where neurologists specialised in multiple sclerosis outlined the latest developments presented at the 2022 ECTRIMS Congress, held in Amsterdam from 26 to 28 October.

Aim: To synthesise the content presented at the 15th edition of the Post-ECTRIMS Meeting, in an article broken down into two parts.

Development: This second part describes the new developments in terms of therapeutic strategies for escalation and de-escalation of disease-modifying therapies (DMT), when and in whom to initiate or switch to highly effective DMT, the definition of therapeutic failure, the possibility of treating radiologically isolated syndrome and the future of personalised treatment and precision medicine.

[15th Post-ECTRIMS Meeting: a review of the latest developments presented at the 2022 ECTRIMS Congress (Part I)].

Introduction: On 4 and 5 November 2022, Madrid hosted the 15th edition of the Post-ECTRIMS Meeting, where neurologists specialised in multiple sclerosis (MS) outlined the most relevant novelties presented at the 2022 ECTRIMS Congress, held in Amsterdam from 26 to 28 October.

Aim: To synthesise the content presented at the 15th edition of the Post-ECTRIMS Meeting, in an article broken down into two parts.

Development: In this first part, the initial events involved in the onset of MS, the role played by lymphocytes and the migration of immune system cells into the central nervous system are presented.

Does lower extremity fracture fixation technique influence neurologic outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury? The EAST Brain vs. Bone multicenter trial.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether lower extremity fracture fixation technique and timing (≤24 vs. >24 hours) impact neurologic outcomes in TBI patients.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted across 30 trauma centers.

Adjuvant dabrafenib and trametinib for patients with resected BRAF -mutated melanoma: DESCRIBE-AD real-world retrospective observational study.

BRAF and MEK inhibitor, dabrafenib plus trametinib, adjuvant therapy is effective for high-risk resected melanoma patients with BRAF - V600 mutations. However, real-world evidence is limited. We aimed to determine the feasibility of this therapy in routine clinical practice.

RevGel-seq: instrument-free single-cell RNA sequencing using a reversible hydrogel for cell-specific barcoding.

Progress in sample preparation for scRNA-seq is reported based on RevGel-seq, a reversible-hydrogel technology optimized for samples of fresh cells. Complexes of one cell paired with one barcoded bead are stabilized by a chemical linker and dispersed in a hydrogel in the liquid state. Upon gelation on ice the complexes are immobilized and physically separated without requiring nanowells or droplets.

Determinants of Depressive Symptoms in People Living with HIV: Findings from a Population-Based Study with a Gender Perspective.

Depressive symptoms are common among people living with HIV (PLWH). The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of depressive symptoms in PLWH in Spain. A total of 1060 PLWH participated in this cross-sectional study and completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.

Neutralizing response elicited by homologous and heterologous prime booster vaccination against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 B.1, P.1, C.37 and B.1.617.2 variants.

Heterologous Covid-19 vaccination strategies arose due to interruption of vaccination programs plus delay and shortage of vaccine supplies. We analysed neutralizing response against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 B.1 and P.

Intra Articular Injection of Autologous Microfat and Platelets-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Wrist Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study.

No injection treatment has been proven to be effective in wrist osteoarthritis. When conservative measures fail, its management involves invasive surgery. Emergence of biotherapies based on adipose derived stem cells (ADSC) offers promising treatments for chondral degenerative diseases.

Trial of Cinpanemab in Early Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Aggregated α-synuclein plays an important role in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Cinpanemab, a human-derived monoclonal antibody that binds to α-synuclein, is being evaluated as a disease-modifying treatment for Parkinson's disease.

Methods: In a 52-week, multicenter, double-blind, phase 2 trial, we randomly assigned, in a 2:1:2:2 ratio, participants with early Parkinson's disease to receive intravenous infusions of placebo (control) or cinpanemab at a dose of 250 mg, 1250 mg, or 3500 mg every 4 weeks, followed by an active-treatment dose-blinded extension period for up to 112 weeks.