Biopsy-free in vivo virtual histology of skin using deep learning.

An invasive biopsy followed by histological staining is the benchmark for pathological diagnosis of skin tumors. The process is cumbersome and time-consuming, often leading to unnecessary biopsies and scars. Emerging noninvasive optical technologies such as reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) can provide label-free, cellular-level resolution, in vivo images of skin without performing a biopsy.

Ophthalmic Artery Morphological and Hemodynamic Features in Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Purpose: To examine the morphological and hemodynamic changes of the ophthalmic artery (OA) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 31 patients with ACS and 10 healthy controls (HCs). The ACS subgroups were ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI; n = 10), non-STEMI (n = 10), and unstable angina (n = 11).

Targeting folate receptor beta on monocytes/macrophages renders rapid inflammation resolution independent of root causes.

Provoked by sterile/nonsterile insults, prolonged monocyte mobilization and uncontrolled monocyte/macrophage activation can pose imminent or impending harm to the affected organs. Curiously, folate receptor beta (FRβ), with subnanomolar affinity for the vitamin folic acid (FA), is upregulated during immune activation in hematopoietic cells of the myeloid lineage. This phenomenon has inspired a strong interest in exploring FRβ-directed diagnostics/therapeutics.

Patterns of Replacement Fibrosis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Background Myocardial replacement fibrosis is one of the major histologic features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but its characteristics have not been well delineated. Purpose To clarify the characteristics of replacement fibrosis in HCM and to evaluate the prognostic value of the regional extent of fibrosis. Materials and Methods This prospective study evaluated participants with HCM who underwent contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI from March 2011 to April 2019.

Risk Factors for Supraspinatus Tears: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.

Background: The pathogenesis of rotator cuff tears remains unclear, and there is a lack of high-quality evidence-based research on the risk factors for supraspinatus tears.

Purpose: To explore 10 potential risk factors for supraspinatus muscle tears.

Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3.

Spatial deconvolution of HER2-positive breast cancer delineates tumor-associated cell type interactions.

In the past decades, transcriptomic studies have revolutionized cancer treatment and diagnosis. However, tumor sequencing strategies typically result in loss of spatial information, critical to understand cell interactions and their functional relevance. To address this, we investigate spatial gene expression in HER2-positive breast tumors using Spatial Transcriptomics technology.

Contemporary Update of Retinoblastoma in China: Three-Decade Changes in Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Treatments, and Outcomes.

Purpose: To report three-decade changes of clinical characteristics, progress of treatments, and risk factors associated with mortality and enucleation in patients with retinoblastoma in China.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: This multicenter study included 2552 patients diagnosed with retinoblastoma in 38 medical centers in 31 provinces in China from 1989 to 2017, with follow-up data.

Truncating Variants in Gene Associated With Disease-Onset and Outcomes of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: The presence of variants in was identified to be linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but whether truncating variants were associated with HCM remained unknown.

Methods: Whole-exome sequencing was performed in 986 patients with HCM and 761 non-HCM controls to search for truncating variants, and the result was tested in a replication cohort consisting of 529 patients with HCM and 307 controls. The association of the truncating variants with baseline characteristics and prognosis of patients with HCM were ascertained.

Dynamic Changes of Asymmetric Cortical Veins Relate to Neurologic Prognosis in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background Cerebral oxygenation is closely related to neural function in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and can be measured noninvasively from asymmetrically prominent cortical veins (APCVs) using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Purpose To quantify venous oxygen saturation (SvO) using brain MRI with QSM in patients with AIS, to analyze its change at 2-week follow-up, and to assess the influence of SvO in clinical prognosis. Materials and Methods Between 2016 and 2020, consecutive patients with AIS who underwent brain MRI within 24 hours from symptom onset and 2 weeks after treatment were retrospectively enrolled.

Colored Dimeric Alkaloids from the Barks of and Their Neuroprotective Effects.

Five dimeric alkaloids, named erythrivarines J-N, were isolated from the barks of L. (Fabaceae). The erythrivarines J-L featured a 6/6/5/6/6/5/6/6/6 ring system and super conjugated double bond systems, causing intense color from blue to wine red, while erythrivarines M-N looked orange.

Efficient Correction of a Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mutation by ABEmax-NG.

[Figure: see text].

Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Patients With Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome Assessed With Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI.

Background And Objectives: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption has been proposed to be important in the pathogenesis of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), but not all patients present an identifiable macroscopic BBB disruption; that is, visible contrast leakage on contrast-enhanced T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging. This study aimed to evaluate microscopic BBB permeability and its dynamic change in patients with RCVS.

Methods: This prospective cohort implemented 3T dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.

Doxycycline Combined With Bortezomib-Cyclophosphamide-Dexamethasone Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Cardiac Light-Chain Amyloidosis: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Doxycycline was demonstrated in a retrospective study to be associated with greater survival in patients with light chain amyloidosis. Therefore, we prospectively compared the efficacy of bortezomib-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone (CyBorD) and CyBorD combined with doxycycline for cardiac light chain amyloidosis.

Methods: This was a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial.

Utility of Genetically Predicted Lp(a) (Lipoprotein [a]) and ApoB Levels for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment.

Background: Current lipid guidelines suggest measurement of Lp(a) (lipoprotein[a]) and ApoB (apolipoprotein B) for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for Lp(a) and ApoB may identify individuals unlikely to have elevated Lp(a) or ApoB and thus reduce such suggested testing.

Methods: PRSs were developed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression among 273 222 and 356 958 UK Biobank participants of white British ancestry for Lp(a) and ApoB, respectively, and validated in separate sets of 60 771 UK Biobank and 15 050 European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk participants.

Effect of Immunosuppression on the Immunogenicity of mRNA Vaccines to SARS-CoV-2 : A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Patients with chronic inflammatory disease (CID) treated with immunosuppressive medications have increased risk for severe COVID-19. Although mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccination provides protection in immunocompetent persons, immunogenicity in immunosuppressed patients with CID is unclear.

Objective: To determine the immunogenicity of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with CID.

Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of cholesterol esterification enzymes reduces tumour burden: A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical models.

Cholesterol esterification proteins Sterol-O acyltransferases (SOAT) 1 and 2 are emerging prognostic markers in many cancers. These enzymes utilise fatty acids conjugated to coenzyme A to esterify cholesterol. Cholesterol esterification is tightly regulated and enables formation of lipid droplets that act as storage organelles for lipid soluble vitamins and minerals, and as cholesterol reservoirs.

Drug Conjugates of Antagonistic R-Spondin 4 Mutant for Simultaneous Targeting of Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing G Protein-Coupled Receptors 4/5/6 for Cancer Treatment.

LGR4-6 (leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptors 4, 5, and 6) are three related receptors with an upregulated expression in gastrointestinal cancers to various extents, and LGR5 is enriched in cancer stem cells. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting LGR5 showed a robust antitumor effect in vivo but could not eradicate tumors due to plasticity of LGR5-positive cancer cells. As LGR5-negative cancer cells often express LGR4 or LGR6 or both, we reasoned that simultaneous targeting of all three LGRs may provide a more effective approach.

Development of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma-Like Features in a Rhesus Macaque Colony From Southern China.

Purpose: To describe the ocular phenotype of spontaneous glaucoma in a non-human primate colony.

Methods: In total, 722 Rhesus macaque monkeys aged 10 to 25 years underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus photography (FP), and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements. Monkeys with baseline cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) <0.

Evaluation of Au/γ-AlO nanocatalyst for plasma-catalytic decomposition of toluene.

The emission of toluene into the atmosphere can seriously affect the environmental quality and endanger human health. A dielectric barrier discharge reactor filled with a small amount of Au nanocatalysts was used to decompose toluene in He and O gases mixtures at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Normally, the oxidation of toluene using Au nanocatalysts suffers from low reaction activity and facile catalyst deactivation.

A Neuroligin Isoform Translated by circNlgn Contributes to Cardiac Remodeling.

[Figure: see text].

Fluorescent nanodiamonds encapsulated by (CCMV) proteins for intracellular 3D-trajectory analysis.

Long-term tracking of nanoparticles to resolve intracellular structures and motions is essential to elucidate fundamental parameters as well as transport processes within living cells. Fluorescent nanodiamond (ND) emitters provide cell compatibility and very high photostability. However, high stability, biocompatibility, and cellular uptake of these fluorescent NDs under physiological conditions are required for intracellular applications.

A Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Quality Control System Incorporated With Deep Learning Improved Endoscopist Performance in a Pretest and Post-Test Trial.

Introduction: Gastrointestinal endoscopic quality is operator-dependent. To ensure the endoscopy quality, we constructed an endoscopic audit and feedback system named Endo.Adm and evaluated its effect in a form of pretest and posttest trial.

Obesity Prevalence and Risks Among Chinese Adults: Findings From the China PEACE Million Persons Project, 2014-2018.

Background: China has seen a burgeoning epidemic of obesity in recent decades, but few studies reported nationally on obesity across socio-demographic subgroups. We sought to assess the prevalence and socio-demographic associations of obesity nationwide.

Methods: We assessed the prevalence of overall obesity (body mass index ≥28 kg/m) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥85/90 cm for women/men) among 2.