Location-specific net water uptake and malignant cerebral edema in acute anterior circulation occlusion ischemic stroke.

Background And Purpose: Early identification of malignant cerebral edema (MCE) in patients with acute ischemic stroke is crucial for timely interventions. We aimed to identify regions critically associated with MCE using the Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) to evaluate the association between location-specific-net water uptake (NWU) and MCE.

Materials And Methods: This multicentre, retrospective cohort study included patients with acute ischemic stroke following large anterior circulation occlusion.

SOX2-induced IL1α-mediated immune suppression drives epithelial dysplasia malignant transformation.

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are often preceded by potentially malignant precursor lesions, most of which remain benign. The terminal exhaustion phenotypes of effector T-cells and the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) have been thoroughly characterized in established SCC. However, it is unclear what precancerous lesions harbor a bona fide high risk for malignant transformation and how precancerous epithelial dysplasia drives the immune system to the point of no return.

Promoted production of Fe(IV)/Fe(V) intermediates in the calcium peroxide/ferrate(VI) process for low-damage removal of algal contaminants and membrane fouling control.

Ultrafiltration (UF) is widely employed for harmful algae rejection, whereas severe membrane fouling hampers its long-term operation. Herein, calcium peroxide (CaO) and ferrate (Fe(VI)) were innovatively coupled for low-damage removal of algal contaminants and fouling control in the UF process. As a result, the terminal J/J increased from 0.

Supramolecular assembly of polycation/mRNA nanoparticles and in vivo monocyte programming.

Size-dependent phagocytosis is a well-characterized phenomenon in monocytes and macrophages. However, this size effect for preferential gene delivery to these important cell targets has not been fully exploited because commonly adopted stabilization methods for electrostatically complexed nucleic acid nanoparticles, such as PEGylation and charge repulsion, typically arrest the vehicle size below 200 nm. Here, we bridge the technical gap in scalable synthesis of larger submicron gene delivery vehicles by electrostatic self-assembly of charged nanoparticles, facilitated by a polymer structurally designed to modulate internanoparticle Coulombic and van der Waals forces.

Impact of HCV eradication by directly acting antivirals on glycemic indices in chronic hepatitis C patients -a nationwide Taiwan HCV registry.

Background/aims: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication using antiviral agents augments the metabolic profile. Changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in chronic hepatitis C patients who receive glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) remain elusive.

Methods: Data from 2417 patients treated with GLE/PIB from the Taiwan HCV Registry were analyzed, and pretreatment HbA1c levels were compared with 3-months after the-end-of treatment levels.

Direct serotonin release in humans shapes aversive learning and inhibition.

The role of serotonin in human behaviour is informed by approaches which allow in vivo modification of synaptic serotonin. However, characterising the effects of increased serotonin signalling in human models of behaviour is challenging given the limitations of available experimental probes, notably selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Here we use a now-accessible approach to directly increase synaptic serotonin in humans (a selective serotonin releasing agent) and examine its influence on domains of behaviour historically considered core functions of serotonin.

Mechanism of EHMT2-mediated genomic imprinting associated with Prader-Willi syndrome.

Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is caused by loss of expression of paternally expressed genes in the human 15q11.2-q13 imprinting domain. A set of imprinted genes that are active on the paternal but silenced on the maternal chromosome are intricately regulated by a bipartite imprinting center (PWS-IC) located in the PWS imprinting domain.

Global Burden of Stroke Attributable to Low Physical Activity/High Body Mass Index Among People Aged 55 Years and Older.

Background: This study aimed to quantify the global stroke burden attributable to low physical activity and high body mass index in adults aged ≥55 years using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study.

Methods: We extracted data on stroke mortality, disability-adjusted life years, and risk factor exposure from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study for people aged ≥55 years. We calculated the population-attributable fraction and absolute number of stroke cases and disability-adjusted life years attributable to low physical activity and high body mass index by location, age group, sex, and year.

Medicare billing and utilization trends in vascular surgery.

Objective: Within the past decade, Medicare Part B reimbursements for various surgical procedures have been declining, whereas health care expenses continue to increase. As a result, hospitals may increase service charges to offset losses in revenue, which may disproportionately affect underinsured patients. Our analysis aimed to characterize Medicare billing and utilization trends across common vascular surgical procedures.

Hemodynamic Impairment of Blood Pressure and Stroke Mechanisms in Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis.

Background: Hemodynamic impairment of blood pressure may play a crucial role in determining the mechanisms of stroke in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis). We aimed to elucidate this issue and assess the impacts of modifications to blood pressure on hemodynamic impairment.

Methods: From the Third China National Stroke Registry III, computed fluid dynamics modeling was performed using the Newton-Krylov-Schwarz method in 339 patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis during 2015 to 2018.

The evolution of lung adenocarcinoma precursors is associated with chromosomal instability and transition from innate to adaptive immune response/evasion.

Studying lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) early carcinogenesis is challenging, primarily due to the lack of LUAD precursors specimens. We amassed multi-omics data from 213 LUAD and LUAD precursors to identify molecular features underlying LUAD precancer evolution. We observed progressively increasing mutations, chromosomal aberrations, whole genome doubling and genomic instability from precancer to invasive LUAD, indicating aggravating chromosomal instability (CIN).

Patient-derived tumor-like cell clusters for personalized chemo- and immunotherapies in non-small cell lung cancer.

Many patient-derived tumor models have emerged recently. However, their potential to guide personalized drug selection remains unclear. Here, we report patient-derived tumor-like cell clusters (PTCs) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), capable of conducting 100-5,000 drug tests within 10 days.

SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Capacity in Hemodialysis Patients with and without a Fifth Vaccination with the Updated Comirnaty Original/Omicron BA.4-5 Vaccine.

Background: Hemodialysis patients have reduced serologic immunity after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination compared to the general population and an increased risk of morbidity and mortality when exposed to SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: Sixty-six hemodialysis patients immunized four times with the original SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273) either received a booster with the adapted Comirnaty Original/Omicron BA.4-5 vaccine 8.

Highly sensitive spatial transcriptomics using FISHnCHIPs of multiple co-expressed genes.

High-dimensional, spatially resolved analysis of intact tissue samples promises to transform biomedical research and diagnostics, but existing spatial omics technologies are costly and labor-intensive. We present Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization of Cellular HeterogeneIty and gene expression Programs (FISHnCHIPs) for highly sensitive in situ profiling of cell types and gene expression programs. FISHnCHIPs achieves this by simultaneously imaging ~2-35 co-expressed genes (clustered into modules) that are spatially co-localized in tissues, resulting in similar spatial information as single-gene Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH), but with ~2-20-fold higher sensitivity.

High-performance bifacial perovskite solar cells enabled by single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Bifacial perovskite solar cells have shown great promise for increasing power output by capturing light from both sides. However, the suboptimal optical transmittance of back metal electrodes together with the complex fabrication process associated with front transparent conducting oxides have hindered the development of efficient bifacial PSCs. Here, we present a novel approach for bifacial perovskite devices using single-walled carbon nanotubes as both front and back electrodes.

Continuous ultraviolet to blue-green astrocomb.

Cosmological and exoplanetary science using transformative telescopes like the ELT will demand precise calibration of astrophysical spectrographs in the blue-green, where stellar absorption lines are most abundant. Astrocombs-lasers providing a broadband sequence of regularly-spaced optical frequencies on a multi-GHz grid-promise an atomically-traceable calibration scale, but their realization in the blue-green is challenging for current infrared-laser-based technology. Here, we introduce a concept achieving a broad, continuous spectrum by combining second-harmonic generation and sum-frequency-mixing in an MgO:PPLN waveguide to generate 390-520 nm light from a 1 GHz Ti:sapphire frequency comb.

MicroRNA expression signature as a biomarker in the diagnosis of nodal T-cell lymphomas.

Background: The diagnosis of T-cell lymphomas is typically established through a multiparameter approach that combines clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features, utilizing a variety of histopathologic and molecular techniques. However, accurate diagnosis of such lymphomas and distinguishing them from reactive lymph nodes remains challenging due to their low prevalence and heterogeneous features, hence limiting the confidence of pathologists. We investigated the use of microRNA (miRNA) expression signatures as an adjunctive tool in the diagnosis and classification of T-cell lymphomas that involve lymph nodes.

Consolidation Osimertinib Versus Durvalumab Versus Observation After Concurrent Chemoradiation in Unresectable EGFR-Mutant NSCLC: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Durvalumab improves survival when used as consolidation therapy after chemoradiation (CRT) in patients with stage III NSCLC. The optimal consolidation therapy for patients with EGFR-mutant (EGFRmut) stage III NSCLC remains unknown.

Methods: In this multi-institutional, international retrospective analysis across 24 institutions, we evaluated outcomes in patients with stage III EGFRmut NSCLC treated with concurrent CRT followed by consolidation therapy with osimertinib, durvalumab, or observation between 2015 and 2022.

PI3Kγ maintains the self-renewal of acute myeloid leukemia stem cells by regulating the pentose phosphate pathway.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy originating from transformed hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells. AML prognosis remains poor owing to resistance and relapse driven by leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Targeting molecules essential for LSC function is a promising therapeutic approach.