Efficacy of an Autologous Dermal Fibroblast Injection in Reducing the Retear Rate After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Interest in biological augmentation for improving bone-tendon interface (BTI) healing after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) is growing. Dermal fibroblasts, known for collagen synthesis similar to tenocytes, have shown effectiveness in BTI healing in chronic rotator cuff tear (RCT) models in rabbits. However, no human clinical trials have been conducted.

Accuracy of Fully Automated and Human-assisted Artificial Intelligence-based CT Quantification of Pleural Effusion Changes after Thoracentesis.

Quantifying pleural effusion change at chest CT is important for evaluating disease severity and treatment response. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI)-based volume quantification of pleural effusion change on CT images, using the volume of drained fluid as the reference standard. Seventy-nine participants (mean age ± SD, 65 years ± 13; 47 male) undergoing thoracentesis were prospectively enrolled from October 2021 to September 2023.

Isolation of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles for High-Depth Analysis of Proteomic Biomarkers in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients.

: Prostate cancer treatment has been revolutionized by targeted therapies, including PARP inhibitors, checkpoint immunotherapies, and PSMA-targeted radiotherapies. Despite such advancements, accurate patient stratification remains a challenge, with current methods relying on genomic markers, tissue staining, and imaging. Extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived proteins offer a novel non-invasive alternative for biomarker discovery, holding promise for improving treatment precision.

Controlled Synthesis of Perovskite Nanocrystals at Room Temperature by Liquid Crystalline Templates.

Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) are promising active materials because of their outstanding optoelectronic properties, which are finely tunable via size and shape. However, previous synthetic methods such as hot-injection and ligand-assisted reprecipitation require a high synthesis temperature or provide limited access to homogeneous PNCs, leading to the present lack of commercial value and real-world applications of PNCs. Here, we report a room-temperature approach to synthesize PNCs within a liquid crystalline antisolvent, enabling access to PNCs with a precisely defined size and shape and with reduced surface defects.

A conserved pilin from uncultured gut bacterial clade TANB77 enhances cancer immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become a standard anti-cancer treatment, offering durable clinical benefits. However, the limited response rate of ICB necessitates biomarkers to predict and modulate the efficacy of the therapy. The gut microbiome's influence on ICB efficacy is of particular interest due to its modifiability through various interventions.

HDAC6 mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major blindness cause in developed countries, is intricately linked to diabetes management and its duration. Here, we demonstrate that HDAC6 mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation under diabetic conditions, leading to retinal inflammation and degeneration.

Methods: This study demonstrated the therapeutic effects of HDAC6 genetic ablation, pharmacological inhibition, and HDAC6-deficient bone marrow transplantation in a diabetes model induced by streptozotocin and a high-fat diet.

Development of a CT image-based virtual atelectasis simulation model and noninvasive lung nodule localization system.

Background: In the process of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for lung nodule resection, lung is leaded to atelectasis. However, preoperative computed tomography (CT) images are taken during inspiration, which means they differ significantly from the lung status observed during surgery. Consequently, this discrepancy can make the localization of small or subsolid nodules challenging during the operation.

Circular RNAs trigger nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed single-stranded RNAs produced predominantly through a back-splicing process. They play regulatory roles in various biological and physiological processes; however, the molecular mechanisms by which circRNAs operate remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that circRNAs facilitate rapid mRNA degradation through RNA-RNA interactions between circRNAs and the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) of mRNAs.

A Pharmacokinetic and Bioavailability Study of Phlorotannins Following Intravenous and Oral Administration in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

This study examines the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of phlorotannins from in rats following intravenous and oral administration. Known for their potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and many other bioactivities, these phlorotannins, particularly dieckol, 8,8'-bieckol, and phlorofucofuroeckol-A (PFF-A), were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Intravenous administration at 10 mg/kg allowed detectability in plasma for up to 36 h for dieckol and 8,8'-bieckol, but only 2 h for PFF-A.

A molecular switch from tumor suppressor to oncogene in ER+ve breast cancer: Role of androgen receptor, JAK-STAT, and lineage plasticity.

Cancers develop resistance to inhibitors of oncogenes mainly due to target-centric mechanisms such as mutations and splicing. While inhibitors or antagonists force targets to unnatural conformation contributing to protein instability and resistance, activating tumor suppressors may maintain the protein in an agonistic conformation to elicit sustainable growth inhibition. Due to the lack of tumor suppressor agonists, this hypothesis and the mechanisms underlying resistance are not understood.

International Digestive Endoscopy Network Consensus on the Management of Antithrombotic Agents in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

Antithrombotic agents, including antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants, are widely used in Korea because of the increasing incidence of cardiocerebrovascular disease and the aging population. The management of patients using antithrombotic agents during endoscopic procedures is an important clinical challenge. The clinical practice guidelines for this issue, developed by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, were published in 2020.

Incremental high power radiofrequency ablation with multi-electrodes for small hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) offers a minimally invasive treatment for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but it faces challenges such as high local recurrence rates. This prospective study, conducted from January 2020 to July 2022, evaluated a novel approach using a three-channel, dual radiofrequency (RF) generator with separable clustered electrodes to improve RFA's efficacy and safety. The study employed a high-power, gradual, stepwise RFA method on HCCs (≤ 4 cm), utilizing real-time ultrasound-computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fusion imaging.

Comorbid neuropathology and atypical presentation of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological changes present with amnestic and nonamnestic (atypical) syndromes. The contribution of comorbid neuropathology as a substratum of atypical expression of AD remains under investigated.

Methods: We examined whether atypical AD exhibited increased comorbid neuropathology compared to typical AD and if such neuropathologies contributed to the accelerated clinical decline in atypical AD.

Association of Prenatal Exposure to Antiseizure Medications With Creative and Executive Function at Age 4.5 Years.

Background And Objectives: Neurodevelopmental effects of fetal antiseizure medication (ASM) exposure on creativity and executive functions are poorly understood. We previously found fetal valproate exposure to adversely affect measures of creativity and executive functions. In this study, we examine fetal exposure of newer ASMs on these functions in children of women with epilepsy (WWE) compared with children of healthy women (HW).

Central Role of CT in Management of Pulmonary Fibrosis.

With the approval of antifibrotic medications to treat patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and progressive pulmonary fibrosis, radiologists have an integral role in diagnosing these entities and guiding treatment decisions. CT features of early pulmonary fibrosis include irregular thickening of interlobular septa, pleura, and intralobular linear structures, with subsequent progression to reticular abnormality, traction bronchiectasis or bronchiolectasis, and honeycombing. CT patterns of fibrotic lung disease can often be reliably classified on the basis of the CT features and distribution of the condition.

ASOptimizer: Optimizing antisense oligonucleotides through deep learning for IDO1 gene regulation.

Recent studies have highlighted the effectiveness of using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) for cellular RNA regulation, including targets that are considered undruggable; however, manually designing optimal ASO sequences can be labor intensive and time consuming, which potentially limits their broader application. To address this challenge, we introduce a platform, the ASOptimizer, a deep-learning-based framework that efficiently designs ASOs at a low cost. This platform not only selects the most efficient mRNA target sites but also optimizes the chemical modifications for enhanced performance.