MR Lymphangiography: Congenital Lymphatic Flow Disorders.

Congenital lymphatic flow disorders collectively refer to a heterogeneous group of diseases that manifest as chylothorax, chylous ascites, intestinal lymphangiectasia, protein-losing enteropathy, and peripheral extremity or genital lymphedema, all in the absence of identifiable injury to the lymphatic system. We have only recently begun to understand congenital lymphatic flow disorders through the ability to image lymph flow dynamically. Intranodal dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphangiography (DCMRL) is a crucial technique for imaging lymphatic flow in pediatric patients with congenital lymphatic flow disorders.

Limited Dorsal Myeloschisis and Congenital Dermal Sinus: Comparison of Clinical and MR Imaging Features.

Background And Purpose: While limited dorsal myeloschisis is a distinctive form of spinal dysraphism, it may be confused with congenital dermal sinus. The aim of this study was to describe clinical and MR imaging findings of limited dorsal myeloschisis that can distinguish it from congenital dermal sinus.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and MR imaging findings of 12 patients with limited dorsal myeloschisis and 10 patients with congenital dermal sinus.

Quantitative Assessment of Neovascularization after Indirect Bypass Surgery: Color-Coded Digital Subtraction Angiography in Pediatric Moyamoya Disease.

Background And Purpose: For the postoperative follow-up in pediatric patients with Moyamoya disease, it is essential to evaluate the degree of neovascularization status. Our aim was to quantitatively assess the neovascularization status after bypass surgery in pediatric Moyamoya disease by using color-coded digital subtraction angiography.

Materials And Methods: Time-attenuation intensity curves were generated at ROIs corresponding to surgical flap sites from color-coded DSA images of the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, and external carotid artery angiograms obtained pre- and postoperatively in 32 children with Moyamoya disease.

Risk Factors for Femoral Head Deformity in the Early Stage of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease: MR Contrast Enhancement and Diffusion Indexes.

Purpose: To determine whether changes in diffusion and/or contrast enhancement are of prognostic value in the early stage of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD).

Materials And Methods: This study was approved by the institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained from patient parents. Diffusion and contrast agent-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies were performed in 46 children (37 boys and nine girls; mean age, 7.

Quantitative Sonographic Texture Analysis in Preterm Neonates With White Matter Injury: Correlation of Texture Features With White Matter Injury Severity.

Objectives: To analyze the texture features on cranial sonography in preterm neonates with white matter injury quantitatively and to correlate these features with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: The study included 33 preterm neonates treated in our neonatal intensive care unit who underwent serial cranial sonography and brain MRI near term. Patients were subdivided into 3 groups according to the presence and severity of white matter injury as revealed by MRI: normal (group 1; n = 20), mild (group 2; n = 5), and severe (group 3; n = 8).

Primary epiphyseal osteomyelitis caused by mycobacterium species in otherwise healthy toddlers.

Background: Mycobacterial osteomyelitis involving only the epiphysis of a long bone is extremely rare, and its clinical and radiographic features remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to characterize mycobacterial epiphyseal osteomyelitis and to identify differences between its features and those reported for epiphyseal osteomyelitis caused by bacteria or unidentified pathogens.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of eight children (five males and three females) who presented at a median age of nineteen months (range, twelve to twenty-five months).