Association of Obesity and Skeletal Muscle with Postoperative Survival in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background A comprehensive assessment of skeletal muscle health is crucial to understanding the association between improved clinical outcomes and obesity as defined by body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) in lung cancer, but limited studies have been conducted on this topic. Purpose To investigate the association between BMI-defined obesity and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent curative resection, with a specific focus on the status of skeletal muscle assessed at CT. Materials and Methods This retrospective study investigated Korean patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent curative resection between January 2008 and December 2019.

Artificial intelligence-enhanced comprehensive assessment of the aortic valve stenosis continuum in echocardiography.

Background: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the primary modality for diagnosing aortic stenosis (AS), yet it requires skilled operators and can be resource-intensive. We developed and validated an artificial intelligence (AI)-based system for evaluating AS that is effective in both resource-limited and advanced settings.

Methods: We created a dual-pathway AI system for AS evaluation using a nationwide echocardiographic dataset (developmental dataset, n = 8427): 1) a deep learning (DL)-based AS continuum assessment algorithm using limited 2D TTE videos, and 2) automating conventional AS evaluation.

Pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in high-risk, early-stage, ER/HER2 breast cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial.

Addition of pembrolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by adjuvant pembrolizumab improved outcomes in patients with high-risk, early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer. However, whether the addition of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab to chemotherapy would improve outcomes in high-risk, early-stage, estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (ER/HER2) breast cancer remains unclear. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study (KEYNOTE-756) in which patients with previously untreated ER/HER2 grade 3 high-risk invasive breast cancer (T1c-2 (≥2 cm), cN1-2 or T3-4, cN0-2) were randomly assigned (1:1) to neoadjuvant pembrolizumab 200 mg or placebo Q3W given with paclitaxel QW for 12 weeks, followed by four cycles of doxorubicin or epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide Q2W or Q3W.

Dietary-Lifestyle Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) Systematic Literature Review.

Background: While healthy dietary and lifestyle factors have been individually linked to lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risks, recommendations for whole diet-lifestyle patterns remained unestablished due to limited studies and inconsistent pattern definitions.

Objective: This updated review synthesized literature on dietary-lifestyle patterns and CRC risk/mortality.

Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched through 31 March 2023 for randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies examining adulthood dietary patterns combined with modifiable lifestyle factors such as adiposity, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and/or others.

Development and Evaluation of Five-in-One Vaccine Microneedle Array Patch for Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Hepatitis B, and Type b: Immunological Efficacy and Long-Term Stability.

: The development of a five-in-one vaccine microneedle patch (five-in-one MN patch) aims to address challenges in administering vaccines against Diphtheria (DT), Tetanus (TT), Pertussis (wP), Hepatitis B (HBsAg), and type b (Hib). Combining multiple vaccines into a single patch offers a novel solution to improve vaccine accessibility, stability, and delivery efficiency, particularly in resource-limited settings. : The five-in-one MN patch consists of four distinct microneedle arrays: DT and TT vaccines are coated together on one array, while wP, HepB, and Hib vaccines are coated separately on individual arrays.

Comparative Analysis of Symmetry Parameters in the E2 Inner Core of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex.

Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have facilitated the high-resolution structural determination of macromolecular complexes in their native states, providing valuable insights into their dynamic behaviors. However, insufficient understanding or experience with the cryo-EM image processing parameters can result in the loss of biological meaning. In this paper, we investigate the dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase (E2) inner core complex of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and reconstruct the 3D maps using five different symmetry parameters.

Reassessing Pulmonary Hypertension Classification: Utilizing Criteria for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Instead of Pulmonary Arterial Wedge Pressure.

: The current classification of pulmonary hypertension (PH) distinguishes between pre-capillary (PAWP ≤ 15 mmHg) and post-capillary (PAWP > 15 mmHg) forms, with left heart disease, especially heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), being a common cause of PH. We investigated the suitability of an HFpEF diagnosis instead of PAWP in diagnosing PH associated with HFpEF. : In a retrospective, single-center analysis, we reviewed diagnoses from our database, focusing on patients initially diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) or PH associated with HFpEF (PH-HFpEF) based on their PAWP.

Retinal Docosahexaenoic Acid Is Significantly Reduced in Diabetic Humans and Mice: Possible Relationship to Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: The retina contains the highest concentration of the omega 3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the body. Although epidemiologic studies showed an inverse correlation between the consumption of omega 3 fatty acids and the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, there are no data showing the effect of diabetes on retinal DHA in humans. In this study, we measured the DHA content of the retina in diabetic and non-diabetic humans as well as mice and determined the effect of diabetes on retinal thickness and function in mice.

Comparing Large Language Model and Human Reader Accuracy with Image Challenge Case Image Inputs.

Background Application of multimodal large language models (LLMs) with both textual and visual capabilities has been steadily increasing, but their ability to interpret radiologic images is still doubted. Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of LLMs and compare it with that of human readers with varying levels of experience and to assess the factors affecting LLM accuracy in answering Image Challenge cases. Materials and Methods Radiologic images of cases from October 13, 2005, to April 18, 2024, were retrospectively reviewed.

Risk of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Computed Tomography: A 16 Institutional Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Concern about contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) may delay the timely administration of contrast media for computed tomography (CT). The precise causative effect of iodinated contrast media on CI-AKI and its relevant risk factors remains an area of ongoing investigation. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the risk of CI-AKI following contrast-enhanced CT and its predisposing risk factors.

The Incidence of Popeye Deformity After Soft-Tissue Biceps Tenodesis Is Comparable to Biceps Anchor Tenodesis and Lower Than Biceps Tenotomy During Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair.

Purpose: To compare clinical and radiologic outcomes between biceps anchor tenodesis (AT), biceps soft-tissue tenodesis (ST), and biceps tenotomy (TT) for patients with concomitant rotator cuff repair (RCR).

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed patients who underwent arthroscopic RCR for full-thickness rotator cuff tears with AT, ST, or TT with minimum 2-year follow-up. All biceps procedures were performed arthroscopically, and ST consisted of fixation to the transverse humeral ligament.

Observation of the decay.

Using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of collected by the CMS experiment at , the decay is observed for the first time, with a statistical significance exceeding 5 standard deviations. The relative branching fraction, with respect to the decay, is measured to be , where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is related to the uncertainties in and .

Novel Corrector for Variants of SLC6A8: A Therapeutic Opportunity for Creatine Transporter Deficiency.

Mutations in creatine transporter SLC6A8 cause creatine transporter deficiency (CTD), which is responsible for 2% of all cases of X-linked intellectual disability. CTD has no current treatments and has a high unmet medical need. Inspired by the transformational therapeutic impact of small molecule "correctors" for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, which bind to mutated versions of the CFTR ion channel to promote its trafficking to the cell surface, we sought to identify small molecules that could stabilize SLC6A8 as a potential treatment for CTD.

Prognostic Value of Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure in Severe Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis.

Background: Current guidelines recommend intervention for asymptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) with mitral valve area ≤1.5 cm based on indicators including pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) >50 mm Hg and new-onset atrial fibrillation; however, evidence supporting this is lacking.

Methods: This single-center retrospective study included patients with rheumatic MS between 2006 and 2022.

Overall Survival with Pembrolizumab in Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Background: In patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer, the phase 3 KEYNOTE-522 trial showed significant improvements in pathological complete response and event-free survival with the addition of pembrolizumab to platinum-containing chemotherapy. Here we report the final results for overall survival.

Methods: We randomly assigned, in a 2:1 ratio, patients with previously untreated stage II or III triple-negative breast cancer to receive neoadjuvant therapy with four cycles of pembrolizumab (at a dose of 200 mg) or placebo every 3 weeks plus paclitaxel and carboplatin, followed by four cycles of pembrolizumab or placebo plus doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide or epirubicin-cyclophosphamide.

Resorbable Microspheres versus Trisacryl Gelatin Microspheres for Uterine Artery Embolization: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background There are insufficient data comparing resorbable microspheres (RMs) with permanent trisacryl gelatin microspheres (TAGMs) for uterine artery embolization (UAE). Purpose To compare therapeutic efficacy and clinical outcomes in participants with symptomatic fibroids after UAE with RMs or TAGMs. Materials and Methods This randomized controlled trial included participants undergoing UAE for symptomatic fibroids at a single institution (from May 2021 to May 2023).

DeepSomatic: Accurate somatic small variant discovery for multiple sequencing technologies.

Somatic variant detection is an integral part of cancer genomics analysis. While most methods have focused on short-read sequencing, long-read technologies now offer potential advantages in terms of repeat mapping and variant phasing. We present DeepSomatic, a deep learning method for detecting somatic SNVs and insertions and deletions (indels) from both short-read and long-read data, with modes for whole-genome and exome sequencing, and able to run on tumor-normal, tumor-only, and with FFPE-prepared samples.

Effect of sotatercept on circulating proteomics in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

https://bit.ly/3Z5AZJ3

COVID-19 Vaccination and Ocular Adverse Events: A Self-Controlled Case Series Study From the Entire South Korean Population.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the risk of ocular adverse events, including retinal artery occlusion (RAO), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), noninfectious uveitis (NIU), noninfectious scleritis (NIS), optic neuritis (ON), ischemic optic neuropathy (ION), and ocular motor cranial nerve palsy (OMCNP), following Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination.

Design: Population-based self-controlled case series METHODS: This study utilized nationwide claims and vaccination data provided by the Korea National Health Insurance Service and Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. From the entire South Korean population of 52 million individuals, patients with incident RAO, RVO, anterior NIU, nonanterior NIU, NIS, ON, ION, or OMCNP between January 2021 and March 2022 were included.

Nonclinical Pharmacokinetics Study of OLX702A-075-16, -Acetylgalactosamine Conjugated Asymmetric Small Interfering RNA (GalNAc-asiRNA).

In this study, the nonclinical pharmacokinetics of OLX702A-075-16, an RNA interference therapeutic currently in development, were investigated. OLX702A-075-16 is a novel -acetylgalactosamine conjugated asymmetric small-interfering RNA (GalNAc-asiRNA) used for the treatment of an undisclosed liver disease. Its unique 16/21-mer asymmetric structure reduces nonspecific off-target effects without compromising efficacy.