Unsupervised inter-domain transformation for virtually stained high-resolution mid-infrared photoacoustic microscopy using explainable deep learning.

Mid-infrared photoacoustic microscopy can capture biochemical information without staining. However, the long mid-infrared optical wavelengths make the spatial resolution of photoacoustic microscopy significantly poorer than that of conventional confocal fluorescence microscopy. Here, we demonstrate an explainable deep learning-based unsupervised inter-domain transformation of low-resolution unlabeled mid-infrared photoacoustic microscopy images into confocal-like virtually fluorescence-stained high-resolution images.

Effect of Elderberry ( L.) Extract Intake on Normalizing Testosterone Concentration in Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome Rat Model Through Regulation of 17β-HSD, 5α-Reductase, and CYP19A1 Expression.

Men experience Leydig cell and mitochondrial dysfunction due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species during aging, leading to hormonal imbalances in the body. This results in symptoms of testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) as testosterone levels decline. Consequently, there is a growing need for alternative therapies, such as phytotherapy, to regulate testosterone secretion.

Effect of YC-1102 on the Improvement of Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Obesity is one of the major risk factors for metabolic diseases worldwide. This study examined the effects of YC-1102, an extract derived from the roots of , on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. In vivo experiments involved the oral administration of YC-1102 (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) daily to mice for eight weeks.

Sex-Specific Association Between Perivascular Inflammation and Plaque Vulnerability.

Background: It is not known whether there is a sex difference in the association between perivascular inflammation and plaque vulnerability. The aim of this study was to investigate the sex-specific association between perivascular inflammation and plaque vulnerability.

Methods: Patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography and optical coherence tomography were enrolled.

SARS-CoV-2 variants evolve convergent strategies to remodel the host response.

SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we used unbiased systems approaches to study the host-selective forces driving VOC evolution. We discovered that VOCs evolved convergent strategies to remodel the host by modulating viral RNA and protein levels, altering viral and host protein phosphorylation, and rewiring virus-host protein-protein interactions.

Antimicrobial overproduction sustains intestinal inflammation by inhibiting Enterococcus colonization.

Loss of antimicrobial proteins such as REG3 family members compromises the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Here, we demonstrate that overproduction of REG3 proteins can also be detrimental by reducing a protective species in the microbiota. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experiencing flares displayed heightened levels of secreted REG3 proteins that mediated depletion of Enterococcus faecium (Efm) from the gut microbiota.

Contribution of Previously Unrecognized RNA Splice-Altering Variants to Congenital Heart Disease.

Background: Known genetic causes of congenital heart disease (CHD) explain <40% of CHD cases, and interpreting the clinical significance of variants with uncertain functional impact remains challenging. We aim to improve diagnostic classification of variants in patients with CHD by assessing the impact of noncanonical splice region variants on RNA splicing.

Methods: We tested de novo variants from trio studies of 2649 CHD probands and their parents, as well as rare (allele frequency, <2×10) variants from 4472 CHD probands in the Pediatric Cardiac Genetics Consortium through a combined computational and in vitro approach.

Eltrombopag in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia in Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, and Turkey: final analysis of CITE.

CITE was a prospective, noninterventional study in adult patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia treated with eltrombopag under routine clinical care in Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, and Turkey. Data to assess eltrombopag usage, compliance, and outcomes were collected from May 2017 to December 2020. Platelet response was defined as platelet count ≥50 × 103/μL in the absence of rescue medications and splenectomy.

Image Quality of High-Resolution 3-Dimensional Neck MRI Using CAIPIRINHA-VIBE and GRASP-VIBE: An Intraindividual Comparative Study.

Objectives: Acquiring high-quality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head and neck region is often challenging due to motion and susceptibility artifacts. This study aimed to compare image quality of 2 high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) MRI sequences of the neck, controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration (CAIPIRINHA)-volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE), and golden-angle radial sparse parallel imaging (GRASP)-VIBE.

Materials And Methods: One hundred seventy-three patients indicated for contrast-enhanced neck MRI examination were scanned using 3 T scanners and both CAIPIRINHA-VIBE and GRASP-VIBE with nearly isotropic 3D acquisitions (<1 mm in-plane resolution with analogous acquisition times).

Contribution of Noncanonical Splice Variants to Truncating Variant Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Heterozygous truncating variants cause 10% to 20% of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Although variants which disrupt canonical splice signals (ie, invariant dinucleotide of the splice donor site, invariant dinucleotide of the splice acceptor site) at exon-intron junctions are readily recognized as truncating variants, the effects of other nearby sequence variations on splicing and their contribution to disease is uncertain.

Methods: Rare variants of unknown significance located in the splice regions of highly expressed exons from 203 DCM cases, 3329 normal subjects, and clinical variant databases were identified.

Mechanisms of Congenital Heart Disease Caused by NAA15 Haploinsufficiency.

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Wireless, soft electronics for rapid, multisensor measurements of hydration levels in healthy and diseased skin.

Precise, quantitative measurements of the hydration status of skin can yield important insights into dermatological health and skin structure and function, with additional relevance to essential processes of thermoregulation and other features of basic physiology. Existing tools for determining skin water content exploit surrogate electrical assessments performed with bulky, rigid, and expensive instruments that are difficult to use in a repeatable manner. Recent alternatives exploit thermal measurements using soft wireless devices that adhere gently and noninvasively to the surface of the skin, but with limited operating range (∼1 cm) and high sensitivity to subtle environmental fluctuations.

Radiation Impacts Early Atherosclerosis by Suppressing Intimal LDL Accumulation.

Rationale: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is used frequently to study the role of hematopoietic cells in atherosclerosis, but aortic arch lesions are smaller in mice after BMT.

Objective: To identify the earliest stage of atherosclerosis inhibited by BMT and elucidate potential mechanisms.

Methods And Results: mice underwent total body γ-irradiation, bone marrow reconstitution, and 6-week recovery.

Prediction of Human Papillomavirus Status and Overall Survival in Patients with Untreated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Development and Validation of CT-Based Radiomics.

Background And Purpose: Human papillomavirus is a prognostic marker for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. We aimed to determine the value of CT-based radiomics for predicting the human papillomavirus status and overall survival in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-six patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were retrospectively collected and grouped into training ( = 61) and test ( = 25) sets.

MRI and Quantitative Magnetic Susceptibility Maps of the Brain after Serial Administration of Gadobutrol: A Longitudinal Follow-up Study.

Background The relationship between administration of macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agents and T1-weighted signal intensity (SI) change of the globus pallidus (GP) and dentate nucleus (DN) is, to the knowledge of the authors, not known. Purpose To determine if quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) can detect changes in magnetic susceptibility of the GP and DN after serial administration of macrocyclic gadobutrol in patients with primary brain tumors. Materials and Methods Patients diagnosed with primary brain tumors from August 2014 to February 2019 were eligible for this single-center retrospective study.

Relationship between blood pressure and outcome changes over time in acute ischemic stroke.

Objective: To evaluate whether the relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and stroke outcome varies during the acute stage of ischemic stroke as a function of the elapsed time after stroke onset.

Methods: Patients who were hospitalized due to ischemic stroke within 6 hours of onset were retrospectively analyzed. SBP data were collected at 8 time points (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 hours after onset).

Multiphasic Computed Tomography Angiography Findings for Identifying Pseudo-Occlusion of the Internal Carotid Artery.

Background And Purpose: Differentiation between pseudo-occlusion and true occlusion of internal carotid artery (ICA) is important in treatment planning for acute ischemic stroke patients. We compared the findings of multiphasic computed tomography angiography between cervical ICA pseudo-occlusion and true occlusion at the cervical ICA in patients with anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke to determine their diagnostic value.

Methods: Thirty patients with nonvisualization of the proximal ICA were included.

Robotic fluidic coupling and interrogation of multiple vascularized organ chips.

Organ chips can recapitulate organ-level (patho)physiology, yet pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses require multi-organ systems linked by vascular perfusion. Here, we describe an 'interrogator' that employs liquid-handling robotics, custom software and an integrated mobile microscope for the automated culture, perfusion, medium addition, fluidic linking, sample collection and in situ microscopy imaging of up to ten organ chips inside a standard tissue-culture incubator. The robotic interrogator maintained the viability and organ-specific functions of eight vascularized, two-channel organ chips (intestine, liver, kidney, heart, lung, skin, blood-brain barrier and brain) for 3 weeks in culture when intermittently fluidically coupled via a common blood substitute through their reservoirs of medium and endothelium-lined vascular channels.

Image Quality of Low-Dose Cerebral Angiography and Effectiveness of Clinical Implementation on Diagnostic and Neurointerventional Procedures for Intracranial Aneurysms.

Background And Purpose: Awareness of the potential for exposure to high doses of radiation from interventional radiologic procedures has increased. The purpose of this study was to evaluate image quality and dose reduction of low-dose cerebral angiography during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for intracranial aneurysms.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of 1137 prospectively collected patients between January 2012 and June 2014 was performed.

Binodal, wireless epidermal electronic systems with in-sensor analytics for neonatal intensive care.

Existing vital sign monitoring systems in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) require multiple wires connected to rigid sensors with strongly adherent interfaces to the skin. We introduce a pair of ultrathin, soft, skin-like electronic devices whose coordinated, wireless operation reproduces the functionality of these traditional technologies but bypasses their intrinsic limitations. The enabling advances in engineering science include designs that support wireless, battery-free operation; real-time, in-sensor data analytics; time-synchronized, continuous data streaming; soft mechanics and gentle adhesive interfaces to the skin; and compatibility with visual inspection and with medical imaging techniques used in the NICU.

Solution processes for ultrabroadband and omnidirectional graded-index glass lenses with near-zero reflectivity in high concentration photovoltaics.

Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) systems, where incident direct solar radiation is tightly concentrated onto high-efficiency multi-junction solar cells by geometric optical elements, exhibit the highest efficiencies in converting the sun's energy into electric power. Their energy conversion efficiencies are greatly limited, however, due to Fresnel reflection losses occurring at three air/optics interfaces in the most sophisticated dual-stage CPV platforms. This paper describes a facile one-step wet-etching process to create a nanoporous surface with a graded-index profile on both flat and curved glasses, with capabilities of achieving ~99% average transmission efficiency in a wide wavelength range from 380 nm to 1.

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Rim Enhancement at MR Imaging Predicts Prognosis after Curative Resection.

Purpose To identify features at preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging that could predict favorable prognosis after curative resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Materials and Methods From January 2009 to December 2014, this retrospective study included 143 patients with surgically resected (ie, R0) PDAC who underwent preoperative MR imaging within 1 month before surgery. Clinical-pathologic and MR imaging findings for predicting disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were identified by using a Cox proportional hazards model.