The role of lag phases between real-term marine heatwaves in the trait responses of two macrophyte species.

Coastal marine macrophytes are critical ecosystem engineers providing valuable ecosystem services. However, they experience detrimental impacts from climate change-induced stresses such as marine heatwaves (MHW), which are becoming more intense and frequent. This study investigated trait responses in real-term heatwaves, Continuous (1MHW) and Consecutive (with a 4-day lag phase, 2MHW), on two key macrophytes, the seaweed Fucus vesiculosus and seagrass Zostera marina.

Transcriptomic profiling of the oocyte-cumulus-granulosa cell complex from estrogen receptor β knockout mice.

Objective: To study the role of estrogen receptor β in follicle development and maturation and the response to gonadotropin stimulation aiming at superovulation.

Design: Experimental study and transcriptomic analysis.

Setting: Karolinka Institutet, medical university.

Projected loss of brown macroalgae and seagrasses with global environmental change.

Although many studies predict extensive future biodiversity loss and redistribution in the terrestrial realm, future changes in marine biodiversity remain relatively unexplored. In this work, we model global shifts in one of the most important marine functional groups-ecosystem-structuring macrophytes-and predict substantial end-of-century change. By modelling the future distribution of 207 brown macroalgae and seagrass species at high temporal and spatial resolution under different climate-change projections, we estimate that by 2100, local macrophyte diversity will decline by 3-4% on average, with 17 to 22% of localities losing at least 10% of their macrophyte species.

Heart failure outcomes by left ventricular ejection fraction in a contemporary region-wide patient cohort.

Aims: This study aimed to characterize a contemporary population with subtypes of incident or prevalent heart failure (HF) based on reduced (HFrEF), mildly reduced, or preserved (HFpEF) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and to assess how outcomes, healthcare, treatments, and healthcare costs vary between each subtype of incident HF.

Methods And Results: Using Swedish data from the CardioRenal and Metabolic disease Heart Failure (CaReMe HF) study, updated to cover a more recent time period, this population-based study characterized patients from Stockholm County, Sweden, with incident HF (patients with a first HF diagnosis between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019) or prevalent HF (patients with a first HF diagnosis before 1 January 2020). Patients with incident HF had LVEF measured by echocardiography within ±90 days of their first HF diagnosis, and patients with prevalent HF within 5 years prior to the index date.

Plasma Protein Profiling of Incident Cardiovascular Diseases: A Multisample Evaluation.

Background: Proteomic profiling could potentially disclose new pathophysiological pathways for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and improve prediction at the individual level. We therefore aimed to study the plasma protein profile associated with the incidence of different CVDs.

Methods: Plasma levels of 245 proteins suspected to be linked to CVD or metabolism were measured in 4 Swedish prospective population-based cohorts (SIMPLER [Swedish Infrastructure for Medical Population-Based Life-Course and Environmental Research], ULSAM (Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men), EpiHealth, and POEM [Prospective Investigation of Obesity, Energy Production, and Metabolism]) comprising 11 869 individuals, free of CVD diagnoses at baseline.

Myeloid LXR (Liver X Receptor) Deficiency Induces Inflammatory Gene Expression in Foamy Macrophages and Accelerates Atherosclerosis.

Background: Cholesterol loaded macrophage foam cells are a prominent feature of atherosclerotic plaques. Single-cell RNA sequencing has identified foam cells as TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) positive populations with low expression of inflammatory genes, resembling the TREM2 positive microglia of neurodegenerative diseases. Cholesterol loading of macrophages in vitro results in activation of LXR (liver X receptor) transcription factors and suppression of inflammatory genes.

Latent Pulmonary Vascular Disease May Alter the Response to Therapeutic Atrial Shunt Device in Heart Failure.

Background: In REDUCE LAP-HF II (A Study to Evaluate the Corvia Medical, Inc IASD System II to Reduce Elevated Left Atrial Pressure in Patients With Heart Failure), implantation of an atrial shunt device did not provide overall clinical benefit for patients with heart failure with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction. However, prespecified analyses identified differences in response in subgroups defined by pulmonary artery systolic pressure during submaximal exercise, right atrial volume, and sex. Shunt implantation reduces left atrial pressures but increases pulmonary blood flow, which may be poorly tolerated in patients with pulmonary vascular disease (PVD).

Effects of depth and overgrowth of ephemeral macroalgae on a remote subtidal NE Atlantic eelgrass (Zostera marina) community.

We conducted a short-term field sampling complemented with time integrating stable isotope analysis to holistically investigate status and ecological interactions in a remote NE Atlantic Zostera marina meadow. We found high nutrient water concentrations, large biomass of fast-growing, ephemeral macroalgae, low abundance, and biodiversity of epifauna and a food web with thornback ray (Raja clavata) as intermediate and cod (Gadus morhua) as top predator. We observed no variation with increasing depth (3.

Unveiling the complexity and ecological function of aquatic macrophyte-animal networks in coastal ecosystems.

Network theory offers innovative tools to explore the complex ecological mechanisms regulating species associations and interactions. Although interest in ecological networks has grown steadily during the last two decades, the application of network approaches has been unequally distributed across different study systems: while some kinds of interactions (e.g.

Factors regulating the coastal nutrient filter in the Baltic Sea.

The coastal zone of the Baltic Sea is diverse with strong regional differences in the physico-chemical setting. This diversity is also reflected in the importance of different biogeochemical processes altering nutrient and organic matter fluxes on the passage from land to sea. This review investigates the most important processes for removal of nutrients and organic matter, and the factors that regulate the efficiency of the coastal filter.

Can investments in manure technology reduce nutrient leakage to the Baltic Sea?

In this study, quantitative models of the agricultural sector and nutrient transport and cycling are used to analyse the impacts in the Baltic Sea of replacing the current Greening measures of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy with a package of investments in manure handling. The investments aim at improving nutrient utilization and reducing nitrogen leaching, based on the assumption that lagging farms and regions can catch up with observed good practice. Our results indicate that such investments could reduce nitrogen surpluses in agriculture by 18% and nitrogen concentrations in the Baltic Sea by 1 to 9% depending on the basin.

Food web and fisheries in the future Baltic Sea.

We developed numerical simulations of potential future ecological states of the Baltic Sea ecosystem at the end of century under five scenarios. We used a spatial food web (Ecospace) model, forced by a physical-biogeochemical model. The scenarios are built on consistent storylines that describe plausible developments of climatic and socioeconomic factors in the Baltic Sea region.

Associations of Circulating Protein Levels With Lipid Fractions in the General Population.

Objective- Revealing patterns of associations between circulating protein and lipid levels could improve biological understanding of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this study, we investigated the associations between proteins related to CVD and triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, LDL (low-density lipoprotein), and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels in individuals from the general population. Approach and Results- We measured plasma protein levels using the Olink ProSeek CVD I or II+III arrays and analyzed 57 proteins available in 3 population-based cohorts: EpiHealth (n=2029; 52% women; median age, 61 years), PIVUS (Prospective Study of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors; n=790; 51% women; all aged 70 years), and ULSAM (Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men; n=551; all men aged 77 years).

MAP1B mutations cause intellectual disability and extensive white matter deficit.

Discovery of coding variants in genes that confer risk of neurodevelopmental disorders is an important step towards understanding the pathophysiology of these disorders. Whole-genome sequencing of 31,463 Icelanders uncovers a frameshift variant (E712KfsTer10) in microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) that associates with ID/low IQ in a large pedigree (genome-wide corrected P = 0.022).

Combined Recirculatory-compartmental Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Arterial and Venous Plasma S(+) and R(-) Ketamine Concentrations.

What We Already Know About This Topic: WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW: BACKGROUND:: The pharmacokinetics of infused drugs have been modeled without regard for recirculatory or mixing kinetics. We used a unique ketamine dataset with simultaneous arterial and venous blood sampling, during and after separate S(+) and R(-) ketamine infusions, to develop a simplified recirculatory model of arterial and venous plasma drug concentrations.

Methods: S(+) or R(-) ketamine was infused over 30 min on two occasions to 10 healthy male volunteers.

Low muscle strength in late adolescence and Parkinson disease later in life.

Objective: To evaluate maximal isometric muscle force at 18 years of age in relation to Parkinson disease (PD) later in life.

Methods: The cohort consisted of 1,317,713 men who had their muscle strength measured during conscription (1969-1996). Associations between participants' muscle strength at conscription and PD diagnoses, also in their parents, were examined using multivariate statistical models.

Low-frequency and rare exome chip variants associate with fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes susceptibility.

Fasting glucose and insulin are intermediate traits for type 2 diabetes. Here we explore the role of coding variation on these traits by analysis of variants on the HumanExome BeadChip in 60,564 non-diabetic individuals and in 16,491 T2D cases and 81,877 controls. We identify a novel association of a low-frequency nonsynonymous SNV in GLP1R (A316T; rs10305492; MAF=1.

In situ mass spectrometry imaging and ex vivo characterization of renal crystalline deposits induced in multiple preclinical drug toxicology studies.

Drug toxicity observed in animal studies during drug development accounts for the discontinuation of many drug candidates, with the kidney being a major site of tissue damage. Extensive investigations are often required to reveal the mechanisms underlying such toxicological events and in the case of crystalline deposits the chemical composition can be problematic to determine. In the present study, we have used mass spectrometry imaging combined with a set of advanced analytical techniques to characterize such crystalline deposits in situ.

Enterococcus faecalis from newborn babies regulate endogenous PPARgamma activity and IL-10 levels in colonic epithelial cells.

The postembryonic development of the gastrointestinal tract is subject to regulation by the colonizing microbiota. This maturation process requires the commensal bacteria to cross-talk with host cells by way of recognizing receptors and inducing signaling pathways to activate transcription factors such as the nuclear receptors. Here, we show that in colonic cell lines and in primary colonic cells, Enterococcus faecalis isolated from newborn babies possess the ability to regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma1 (PPARgamma1) activity through phosphorylation.

Estrogen receptor beta is essential for sprouting of nociceptive primary afferents and for morphogenesis and maintenance of the dorsal horn interneurons.

Estrogen is known to influence pain, but the specific roles of the two estrogen receptors (ERs) in the spinal cord are unknown. In the present study, we have examined the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta in the spinal cord and have looked for defects in pain pathways in ERbeta knockout (ERbeta(-/-)) mice. In the spinal cords of 10-month-old WT mice, ERbeta-positive cells were localized in lamina II, whereas ERalpha-positive cells were mainly localized in lamina I.

Estrogen receptor beta-deficient female mice develop a bladder phenotype resembling human interstitial cystitis.

Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome is a disease seen mostly in women, and symptoms tend to be worse premenopausally or during ovulation. The four cardinal symptoms of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome are bladder pain, urgency, frequency, and nocturia. Estrogen has been implicated in the etiology of this disease, but the role of the two estrogen receptors (ER), ERalpha and ERbeta, has not been investigated.

Ovarian wedge resection restores fertility in estrogen receptor beta knockout (ERbeta-/-) mice.

Ovulation rarely occurs in mice in which the estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) gene has been inactivated (ERbeta-/- mice). Here, we investigated whether this subfertility is due to a defect in the ovary itself or to more general endocrine changes in ERbeta-/- mice. We transplanted ERbeta-/- ovaries into WT mice and WT ovaries into ERbeta-/- mice.

Estrogen receptor beta expression in the embryonic brain regulates development of calretinin-immunoreactive GABAergic interneurons.

Our previous studies with estrogen receptor beta knockout (ERbeta(-/-)) mice demonstrated that ERbeta is necessary for embryonic development of the brain as early as embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) and is involved in neuronal migration.