Toxicity assessment of airborne ultrafine particles: Role of transport emissions.

Airborne quasi-ultrafine particle samples were collected from different outdoor sites in Barcelona (NE Spain, 35 samples) and the Valencia subway (about 400 km south of Barcelona, 3 samples). Locations and schedules were designed to cover cold and warm seasons and to represent the impact of different types of transport (cars, trains, ships, and planes). Extracts from PTFE filters (methanol:dichloromethane 1:2) were used to test toxic effects in human cell lines (Induction of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory response) and in zebrafish embryos (expression of xenobiotic response-related genes, cyp1a1, gsa1 and hao1).

Contextual Factors Influencing Firearm Deaths Occurring Among Children.

Objectives: Contextual factors that contribute to firearm injuries among children aged 0 to 10 are not well understood.

Methods: A retrospective review of the National Fatality Review-Case Reporting System was conducted for firearm deaths of children aged 0 to 10 from 2004 to 2020. Descriptive analyses characterized child and parent demographics, incident details, firearm characteristics, and firearm use.

Toxicity of airborne nanoparticles: Facts and challenges.

Air pollution is one of the most severe environmental healthhazards, and airborne nanoparticles (diameter <100 nm) are considered particularly hazardous to human health. They are produced by various sources such as internal combustion engines, wood and biomass burning, and fuel and natural gas combustion, and their origin, among other parameters, determines their intrinsic toxicity for reasons that are not yet fully understood. Many constituents of the nanoparticles are considered toxic or at least hazardous, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metal compounds, in addition to gaseous pollutants present in the aerosol fraction, such as NOx, SO and ozone.

Mithramycin and its analogs: Molecular features and antitumor action.

The antitumor antibiotic mithramycin A (MTA) binds to G/C-rich DNA sequences in the presence of dications. MTA inhibits transcription regulated by the Sp1 transcription factor, often enhanced during tumor development. It shows antitumor activity, but its clinical use was discontinued due to toxic side effects.

Comparative Analysis of Endodontic ISO Size 06, 08, and 10 Stainless Steel K-Files Used for Glide Path Procedures.

Small-sized stainless steel hand files are conventionally employed in root canal treatment procedures for canal scouting and for glide path establishment, owing to their superior flexibility and proficiency in navigating confined spaces. Given the diversity of brands available in the market, there exists potential variability in their physical characteristics, thereby influencing clinical performance. Consequently, this study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the design, metallurgy, and mechanical characteristics among seven stainless steel hand file brands across ISO sizes 06, 08, and 10.