[Who did the first arterial ligation?].

It is usual to bestow on Ambroise Paré the discovery of arterial ligation. He himself substantiates this assumption describing how he discovered it on the battlefield. But the survey of the surgical literature lets us see that in France, Guy de Chauliac and Henri de Mondeville had already described it and performed it.

[150 years after Darwin].

Are Darwin's evolutionistic theories everlasting? According to the author who points out Darwin's family circle and the chronology of his times the data of modern knowledge--cyto biology, genome, virology--don't seem to coincide with the evolution theory and the coming of the living beings.