The continuing problem of all-terrain vehicle injuries in children.

Background: After the introduction of the all-terrain vehicle (ATV) in the United States in 1971, deaths and injuries in both adults and children rose dramatically. In 1988, the Consumer's Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and all manufacturers of ATVs signed legally binding "Consent Decrees," designed to decrease the number of ATV-related deaths and injuries, especially in children.

Methods: This report reviews retrospectively the mechanism of injury as well as the injuries in 51 children caused by ATV crashes during a 5-year period after the signing of the decrees.

Concise parathyroidectomy: the impact of preoperative SPECT 99mTc sestamibi scanning and intraoperative quick parathormone assay.

Background: Results of initial operation for sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism are generally excellent, yet today there is pressure to improve outcome and resource utilization.

Methods: We designed a prospective longitudinal cohort study comparing two approaches to concise parathyroidectomy. Strategy A was defined as the palpation method for selective unilateral exploration.

Left main bronchus compression after arterial switch for transposition.

A case of left main bronchus obstruction after an arterial switch is described. The clinical features and successful management are described, and a mechanism for this complication is proposed.

Thoracoscopic instruments and ancillary equipment.

Thoracoscopic instruments of today are rooted in surgical innovations which began over 100 years ago. The advent of modern video-optical equipment and endoscopic techniques has given birth to a wide array of new instruments and surgical uses. This process is still in full swing.