Scaling up of parenting support to prevent violence against children in Tanzania: insights from policymakers and service providers.

Background: Evidence shows that parenting behaviours, including the use of violent discipline, can be changed through programmatic interventions. This study seeks to examine how policymakers and service providers in Tanzania perceive the provision of parenting support as a strategy to prevent violence against children and what the enabling and hindering factors are for the scale-up of existing evidence-based parenting supports. It does this by applying Daly's analytical framework for parenting support.

Loss-of-function GHSR variants are associated with short stature and low IGF-I.

Context: The growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor, encoded by GHSR, is expressed on somatotrophs of the pituitary gland. Stimulation with its ligand ghrelin, as well as its constitutive activity, enhances GH secretion. Studies in knock-out mice suggest that heterozygous loss-of-function of GHSR is associated with decreased GH response to fasting, but patient observations in small case reports have been equivocal.

Relatively high interest but limited active engagement in HIV cure research: Awareness, interest, and information-seeking among affected communities in the Netherlands.

Background: Community engagement is important for inclusive HIV cure development. This study evaluates current engagement in HIV cure research among affected communities in the Netherlands by analyzing awareness, interest, and information-seeking behavior. It also identifies participant characteristics and HIV-related illness perceptions linked to each engagement stage.

Synaptic signatures and disease vulnerabilities of layer 5 pyramidal neurons.

Cortical layer 5 (L5) intratelencephalic (IT) and pyramidal tract (PT) neurons are embedded in distinct information processing pathways. Their morphology, connectivity, electrophysiological properties, and role in behavior have been extensively analyzed. However, the molecular composition of their synapses remains largely uncharacterized.

JWST sighting of decameter main-belt asteroids and view on meteorite sources.

Asteroid discoveries are essential for planetary-defense efforts aiming to prevent impacts with Earth, including the more frequent megaton explosions from decameter impactors. While large asteroids (≥100 km) have remained in the main belt since their formation, small asteroids are commonly transported to the near-Earth object (NEO) population. However, due to the lack of direct observational constraints, their size-frequency distribution -which informs our understanding of the NEOs and the delivery of meteorite samples to Earth-varies significantly among models.