Bioaccumulation and genotoxic effect of heavy metal pollution in marine sponges from the Niger Delta.

In this study, levels of Al, Cu, Ni, Cd, Cr and Pb were quantified in seawater, sediments, and sea sponges from six sites in the Niger Delta and one relatively clean site outside the Niger Delta area using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. The metal levels in sponge tissues in μg/mg ranged from 0.22 ± 0.

Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Antiaromatic Donor/Acceptor-Fused s-Indacenes.

Herein we report the synthesis and characterization of four donor/acceptor-fused s-indacenes via the late-stage oxidation of a family of unsymmetrical benzofuran/benzothiophene-s-indacene regioisomers. A thorough study of their properties through experimental and computational analysis has revealed the effect of asymmetry on the molecular properties associated with antiaromaticity, as well as a strong correlation between antiaromaticity and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The strength of the charge transfer depends on the fusion orientation of the donor and acceptor motifs relative to the s-indacene core.