Material efficiency at the component level: how much metal can we do without?

Global production of steel and aluminium is a major driver of greenhouse gas emissions. Various processes might allow continued primary production of the two metals, but all depend on emissions-free electricity or carbon storage, and global capacity of these two key resources will be below demand for decades to come. As a result, zero-emissions steel and aluminium will mainly come from recycling, but supply will be lower than demand.

Sustainable metals: integrating science and systems approaches.

This article introduces a special issue of the transactions arising from a Royal Society Discussion Meeting on 'sustainable metals'. Recognizing that progress to date toward the goals of 'sustainability' has been limited, the meeting aimed to open up a new level of interdisciplinary dialogue, collaboration and discussion of disruptive approaches. In this paper, the major concerns of sustainability are enumerated, and climate change is identified as the most urgent.

Electric recycling of Portland cement at scale.

Cement production causes 7.5% of global anthropogenic CO emissions, arising from limestone decarbonation and fossil-fuel combustion. Current decarbonation strategies include substituting Portland clinker with supplementary materials, but these mainly arise in emitting processes, developing alternative binders but none yet promises scale, or adopting carbon capture and storage that still releases some emissions.

Feasible supply of steel and cement within a carbon budget is likely to fall short of expected global demand.

The current decarbonization strategy for the steel and cement industries is inherently dependent on the build-out of infrastructure, including for CO transport and storage, renewable electricity, and green hydrogen. However, the deployment of this infrastructure entails considerable uncertainty. Here we explore the global feasible supply of steel and cement within Paris-compliant carbon budgets, explicitly considering uncertainties in the deployment of infrastructure.

Quantitative trait loci mapping of polyphenol metabolites from a 'Latham' x 'Glen Moy' red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L) cross.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic control of polyphenol accumulation in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L).

Methods: The levels of total anthocyanins and 37 individual polyphenol metabolites were measured over three years in a raspberry biparental mapping population. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these traits were mapped onto a high-density SNP linkage map.