The prevalence of HIV associated oral lesions among adults in the era of HAART.

Introduction: The overall prevalence of HIV associated oral lesions among adults has decreased since the advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART).

Aims And Objectives: This study describes the prevalence and types of oral mucosal lesions in adults, who accepted a dedicated oral and dental programme for HIV-infected patients. The incidence of oral lesions and the CD4 cell counts on those patients, were related to cases receiving HAART and to those who were not.

Etiology and pathogenesis of anterior open bite: a review.

Objective: To review the etiology and pathogenesis of anterior open bite malocclusion.

Data Source: Review of literature was affected through Pubmed, Google scholar and Science direct. References identified from articles found from the primary search were also reviewed.

Prevalence of early childhood caries in 3- to 5-year-old children in Philadelphia district, Mpumalanga Province.

Introduction: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) can be defined as dental caries in preschool children. There is a lack of data on the prevalence of ECC at a global, national, regional and district level. Hence the severity and extent of the disease is unknown.

Methods for pre-testing and piloting survey questions: illustrations from the KENQOL survey of health-related quality of life.

Part of the assertion that any survey researcher can make about the validity of their results needs to contain an analysis of questions and their responses from the respondent's viewpoint. Claims concerning the validity, reliability and sensitivity of health-related quality of life measures tend to be based on the quantitative approach of psychometrics, which fails to identify when respondents: misinterpret questions; do not recall the information requested; or give answers that present themselves in a better or worse light. The paper presents some approaches to pre-testing and piloting survey questionnaires to check the interpretation of survey questions, using illustrations from the KENQOL project.

Managing a household survey: a practical example from the KENQOL survey. Kenya Quality of Life.

It is vital that surveys are well managed for results to be reliable and meaningful. Poorly managed surveys can result in falsified, lost or incomplete data. Good management requires time to plan and think about all those involved in the process of the survey: the respondents, interviewers, supervisors, coders and the wider community.