P-stalk ribosomes act as master regulators of cytokine-mediated processes.

Inflammatory cytokines are pivotal to immune responses. Upon cytokine exposure, cells enter an "alert state" that enhances their visibility to the immune system. Here, we identified an alert-state subpopulation of ribosomes defined by the presence of the P-stalk.

Influenza virus antibodies inhibit antigen-specific B cell responses in mice.

Antibody responses to influenza vaccines tend to be focused on epitopes encountered during prior influenza exposures, with little production of responses to novel epitopes. To examine the contribution of circulating antibodies to this phenomenon, we passively transferred a hemagglutinin (HA)-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) into mice before immunizing with whole inactivated virions. The HA mAb inhibited HA-specific antibodies, plasmablasts, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells, while responses to a second antigen in the vaccine, neuraminidase (NA), were uninhibited.

Dual neutralization of influenza virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase by a bispecific antibody leads to improved antiviral activity.

Targeting multiple viral proteins is pivotal for sustained suppression of highly mutable viruses. In recent years, broadly neutralizing antibodies that target the influenza virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase glycoproteins have been developed, and antibody monotherapy has been tested in preclinical and clinical studies to treat or prevent influenza virus infection. However, the impact of dual neutralization of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase on the course of infection, as well as its therapeutic potential, has not been thoroughly tested.