Resolving uncertainty on the fly: modeling adaptive driving behavior as active inference.

Understanding adaptive human driving behavior, in particular how drivers manage uncertainty, is of key importance for developing simulated human driver models that can be used in the evaluation and development of autonomous vehicles. However, existing traffic psychology models of adaptive driving behavior either lack computational rigor or only address specific scenarios and/or behavioral phenomena. While models developed in the fields of machine learning and robotics can effectively learn adaptive driving behavior from data, due to their black box nature, they offer little or no explanation of the mechanisms underlying the adaptive behavior.

Effect of Co-Reactants on Interfacial Oxidation in Atomic Layer Deposition of Oxides on Metal Surfaces.

We have examined the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of AlO using TMA as the precursor and -BuOH and HO as the co-reactants, focusing on the effects of the latter on both the ALD process and the possible modification of the underlying substrate. We employed a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to monitor ALD and in real time, and the deposited thin films have been characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, X-ray reflectivity, and atomic force microscopy. Growth of thin films of AlO using TMA and either -BuOH or HO as the co-reactant at = 285 °C produces thin films of similar physical properties (density, stoichiometry, minimal carbon incorporation), and the growth rate per cycle is similar for the two co-reactants at this temperature.

Modeling road user response timing in naturalistic traffic conflicts: A surprise-based framework.

There is currently no established method for evaluating human response timing across a range of naturalistic traffic conflict types. Traditional notions derived from controlled experiments, such as perception-response time, fail to account for the situation-dependency of human responses and offer no clear way to define the stimulus in many common traffic conflict scenarios. As a result, they are not well suited for application in naturalistic settings.