Steering perovskite precursor solutions for multijunction photovoltaics.

Multijunction photovoltaics (PVs) are gaining prominence owing to their superior capability of achieving power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) beyond the radiative limit of single-junction cells, where improving narrow bandgap tin-lead perovskites is critical for thin-film devices. With a focus on understanding the chemistry of tin-lead perovskite precursor solutions, we herein find that Sn(II) species dominate interactions with precursors and additives and uncover the exclusive role of carboxylic acid in regulating solution colloidal properties and film crystallisation, and ammonium in improving film optoelectronic properties. Materials that combine these two function groups, amino acid salts, considerably improve the semiconducting quality and homogeneity of perovskite films, surpassing the effect of the individual functional groups when introduced as part of separate molecules.

Reactive Passivation of Wide-Bandgap Organic-Inorganic Perovskites with Benzylamine.

While amines are widely used as additives in metal-halide perovskites, our understanding of the way amines in perovskite precursor solutions impact the resultant perovskite film is still limited. In this paper, we explore the multiple effects of benzylamine (BnAm), also referred to as phenylmethylamine, used to passivate both FACsPb(IBr) and FACsPbI perovskite compositions. We show that, unlike benzylammonium (BnA) halide salts, BnAm reacts rapidly with the formamidinium (FA) cation, forming new chemical products in solution and these products passivate the perovskite crystal domains when processed into a thin film.

Review of the analysis of Th in small volume (2-4 L) seawater samples: improvements and recommendations.

The short-lived radionuclide Th is widely used to study particle scavenging and transport from the upper ocean to deeper waters. This manuscript optimizes, reviews and validates the collection, processing and analyses of total Th in seawater and suggests areas of further improvements. The standard Th protocol method consists of scavenging Th from seawater via a MnO precipitate, beta counting, and using chemical recoveries determined by adding Th.

Distribution and Evolution of Fukushima Dai-ichi derived Cs, Sr, and I in Surface Seawater off the Coast of Japan.

The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plants (FDNPPs) accident in 2011 led to an unprecedented release of radionuclides into the environment. Particularly important are Sr and Cs due to their known health detriments and long half-lives ( ≈ 30 y) relative to ecological systems. These radionuclides can be combined with the longer-lived I ( = 15.

Enabling Access to Rehabilitation in Acute Care: Exploring Physiotherapists' and Occupational Therapists' Perspectives on Patient Care When Assistants Become the Primary Therapy Providers.

The aim of this study was to explore physiotherapists' and occupational therapists' perspectives on how the implementation of a new model of care in the acute medicine setting has affected their practice and patient care outcomes. A qualitative case study was used to gain an in-depth understanding of therapists' experiences. Semi-structured, in-person interviews (45-60 min long) were conducted with eight clinicians (four occupational therapists and four physiotherapists).