Biomarkers.

Background: The renin angiotensin system (RAS) has been proposed as a potential modifier of the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, prospective studies of RAS are sparse especially among cognitively normal individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other vascular risk factors. We aimed to determine whether plasma levels or activity of the RAS marker ACE-1 predicts cognitive decline over an 8-year period in this population.

Transurethral unroofing of a Cowper's syringocele.

Syringoceles are cystic dilations of the bulbourethral gland, also known as Cowper's gland. Syringoceles are a rare pathology with no standard treatment. Herein, we report the diagnosis and endoscopic management of an imperforate syringocele causing bothersome urinary symptoms in an adult male patient.

Exploring the personal and professional outcomes of pursuing fellowship training in orthopedic manual physical therapy: a mixed-methods analysis.

Objective: Post-professional education in orthopedic manual physical therapy (OMPT) provides a unique pathway for clinicians to refine clinical skills and reasoning in pursuit of professional excellence. Despite these benefits, fellowship training demands significant personal and financial investment. Therefore, understanding whether fellowship education promotes professional growth, job satisfaction, and return on investment is essential.

Assessment of the effect of non-ionic surfactant alkylphenol ethoxylates on the penetration of pesticides in fresh produce.

Understanding the penetration behaviour of pesticide active ingredient (AI) in the presence of adjuvants is important in managing application efficacy and minimizing residues. This study investigates the impact of non-ionic surfactant alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) on the penetration of two pesticides, systemic thiabendazole and non-systemic phosmet, in apple and spinach. Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) was employed using two different detection methods, namely XZ depth mapping and XY area mapping, in conjunction with liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to investigate the penetration of various pesticide formulations over time.