Fecal Immunochemical Testing in Patients With Low-Risk Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Background: The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is recommended for triaging primary care patients in England with low-risk symptoms of colorectal cancer (CRC). The evidence underpinning recommendations by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence had limitations, with a paucity of primary care evidence. This study examines the diagnostic accuracy of FIT in a defined low-risk symptom primary care population.

Follow-up of an Intervention to Reduce Dental Caries in Indigenous Australian Children: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Testing the long-term usefulness of a childhood intervention and determining the best age of implementation are important for translation and policy change.

Objectives: To investigate among children aged 3 years the long-term effectiveness an intervention that aimed to reduce dental caries among South Australian Aboriginal children and to assess if children in the delayed intervention (DI) group had any benefit from the intervention from ages 2 to 3 years and if the intervention usefulness was greater when delivered between pregnancy and age 2 years (immediate intervention [II] vs ages 2 to 3 years [DI]).

Design, Setting, And Participants: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Prenatal screening for Down syndrome in twin pregnancies: Estimates of screening performance based on 61 affected and 7302 unaffected twin pregnancies.

The aims of this study were to determine whether assumptions used in prenatal screening for Down syndrome in twin pregnancies are valid and derive estimates of risk and screening performance in twin pregnancies using observed data. Data were collected on nuchal translucency, chorionicity, pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), and free ß human chorionic gonadotrophin (free ß-hCG) from 61 twin pregnancies with Down syndrome and 7302 unaffected twin pregnancies. Distribution parameters were determined and used to estimate screening performance.

Down's syndrome screening: population statistic dependency of screening performance.

Background: The choice of parameter sets used to calculate Down's syndrome risks is important. This study details analysis of samples from affected and unaffected pregnancies and evaluates whether published population data is optimal. Screening efficiency realized with measurement procedure-specific population parameters is compared with selected population sets available in the literature.