Use of high-resolution ground conductivity measurements for denitrifying conservation practice placement.

Accurate field-scale maps of soil properties including features such as texture, soil organic matter (SOM) content, and hydraulic conductivity are essential for proper placement of conservation practices that utilize anoxic soil environments for denitrification. However, in many cases, soil maps inaccurately represent subsoil properties and can mislead managers about where to install new practices. Non-invasive methods of subsoil property analysis including electromagnetic induction techniques are a potentially efficient method for improving existing field-scale soil maps.

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus and Its European Distribution in Ticks and Endothermic Mammals.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the most common viral tick-borne disease in Europe causing thousands of human infections every year. Available risk maps in Europe are solely based on human incidences, but often underestimate areas with TBE virus circulation as shown by several autochthonous cases detected outside known risk areas. A dataset of more than 1300 georeferenced TBE virus detections in ticks and mammals except for humans was compiled and used to estimate the probability of TBE virus presence in Europe.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) cases are not random: explaining trend, low- and high-frequency oscillations based on the Austrian TBE time series.

Background: Why human tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) cases differ from year to year, in some years more 100%, has not been clarified, yet. The cause of the increasing or decreasing trends is also controversial. Austria is the only country in Europe where a 40-year TBE time series and an official vaccine coverage time series are available to investigate these open questions.

Geographical distribution, climate adaptation and vector competence of the Eurasian hard tick Haemaphysalis concinna.

The ixodid tick Haemaphysalis concinna Koch, 1844 is a proven vector of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus and Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularaemia. In the present study, up-to-date maps depicting the geographical distribution and climate adaptation of H. concinna are presented.