Type II Myocardial Infarction: Predisposing Factors, Precipitating Elements, and Outcomes.

Introduction Myocardial infarction (MI) is a subset of the spectrum of the disease known as acute coronary syndrome (ACS), which comprises three distinct entities including unstable angina (UA) and MI with or without ST-segment elevation. However, many clinicians are unaware that MI itself is classified into five types, the most common being type I, followed by type II. Type II MI occurs due to coronary insufficiency not related to acute plaque change in the coronary vasculature.

Caffeine-induced taste aversions in Lewis and Fischer rat strains: differential sensitivity to the aversive effects of drugs.

Lewis (LEW) and Fischer 344 (F344) rat strains have been reported to differ in the aversive effects induced by a number of drugs. The present studies extended this previous work and examined the ability of caffeine to induce taste aversions in the two strains. Specifically, LEW and F344 rats were given access to saccharin and injected with varying doses of caffeine (0, 0.

Vesico-hip fistula from bladder puncture with subsequent infected total hip arthroplasty.

The association of total hip arthroplasty and bladder injury has been well documented. Most cases of fistula formation between the bladder and the hip arthroplasty have occurred, either at the time of hip arthroplasty or subsequently. We report on this rare case where a bladder puncture resulted in infection of the arthroplasty.

Galanin GAL-R1 receptor null mutant mice display increased anxiety-like behavior specific to the elevated plus-maze.

The neuropeptide galanin coexists with norepinephrine and serotonin in neural systems mediating emotion. Previous findings suggested that galanin modulates anxiety-related behaviors in rodents. Three galanin receptor subtypes have been cloned; however, understanding their functions has been limited by the lack of galanin receptor subtype-selective ligands.

Isolated type IIIA fracture of the coronoid process of ulna. A case report and brief review of literature.

A very rare, Regan and Morrey's type IIIA fracture of the coronoid process of ulna is presented and discussed with a review of the literature. The operative approach to be used is emphasised. Open reduction and internal fixation render the elbow stable, and a good range of motion can be achieved if such fractures are fixed and mobilised early.