Metabolic fuel selection in rainbow trout: Coping with Intralipid infusion.

The impact of hyperlipidemia on fuel selection has never been investigated in fish. This study quantifies how Intralipid administration affects: (i) mobilization of lipids (lipolytic rate: glycerol) and carbohydrates (hepatic glucose production: glucose) in rainbow trout, and (ii) key proteins involved in the regulation of fuel metabolism that could explain changes in glycerol and glucose kinetics. Results show that Intralipid triples lipolytic rate (from 2.

enterotoxin-claudin pore complex: Models for structure, mechanism of pore assembly and cation permeability.

The pore-forming enterotoxin (CPE), a common cause of foodborne diseases, facilitates Ca influx in enterocytes, leading to cell damage. Upon binding to certain claudins (e.g.

Synthesis, HS releasing properties, antiviral and antioxidant activities and acute cardiac effects of nucleoside 5'-dithioacetates.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is an endogenous gasotransmitter with cardioprotective and antiviral effects. In this work, new cysteine-selective nucleoside-HS-donor hybrid molecules were prepared by conjugating nucleoside biomolecules with a thiol-activatable dithioacetyl group. 5'-Dithioacetate derivatives were synthesized from the canonical nucleosides (uridine, adenosine, cytidine, guanosine and thymidine), and the putative 5'-thio metabolites were also produced from uridine and adenosine.

Assessing bnAb potency in the context of HIV-1 envelope conformational plasticity.

For use in prevention and treatment, HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) have to overcome Env conformational heterogeneity of viral quasispecies and neutralize with constant high potency. Comparative analysis of neutralization data from the CATNAP database revealed a nuanced relationship between bnAb activity and Env conformational flexibility, with substantial epitope-specific variation of bnAb potency ranging from increased to decreased activity against open, neutralization-sensitive Env. To systematically investigate the impact of variability in Env conformation on bnAb potency we screened 126 JR-CSF point mutants for generalized neutralization sensitivity to weakly neutralizing antibodies (weak-nAbs) depending on trimer opening and plasma from people with chronic HIV-1 infection.