Thermally stable and polar zwitterionic liquid stationary phases for gas chromatography: Understanding the impact of chemical structure.

The chemical structure of nine imidazolium sulfonate and triflimide zwitterionic liquids (ZILs) were systematically tuned to increase their thermal stability for gas chromatography (GC) separations. Substituents for imidazolium and 2-phenylimidazolium cation systems, comprised of alkyl, benzyl, and oligoether groups of varying chain lengths, were studied as stationary phases in GC. Propanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, and propanetriflimide anions were examined to understand the effect of linker length and nucleophilicity on ZIL thermal stability.

Smart Packaging with Disposable NFC-enabled Wireless Gas Sensors for Monitoring Food Spoilage.

Gas sensors present an alternative to traditional off-package food quality assessment, due to their high sensitivity and fast response without the need of sample pretreatment. The safe integration of gas sensors into packaging without compromising sensitivity, response rate, and stability, however, remains a challenge. Such packaging integration of spoilage sensors is crucial for preventing food waste and transitioning toward more sustainable supply chains.

"You should smile more": Population-level sex differences in smiling also exist in autistic people.

Societal expectations for social-emotional behavior differ across sexes; however, diagnostic definitions of autism do not account for this when delineating "typical" versus "atypical." This study examines sex differences in autism in one behavior associated with strong gender biases: smiling. Computer vision was used to quantify smiling in 60 autistic (20 female) and 67 neurotypical (25 female) youth during conversations.

Physiological and communicative emotional disconcordance in children on the autism spectrum.

Background: Individuals on the autism spectrum commonly have differences from non-autistic people in expressing their emotions using communicative behaviors, such as facial expressions. However, it is not yet clear if this reduced expressivity stems from reduced physiological reactivity in emotional contexts or if individuals react internally, but do not show these reactions externally to others. We hypothesized that autism is characterized by a discordance between in-the-moment internal psychophysiological arousal and external communicative expressions of emotion.

Transition to Adulthood through Coaching and Empowerment in Rheumatology (TRACER): A feasibility study protocol.

The transition from pediatric to adult care for patients with chronic disease is a vulnerable period, with risks of disengagement from care and subsequent complications of inadequately managed disease. This period comes at a time when there are many other transitions occurring in the young person's life, including changes to vocation, social supports, and to their physiology. The aim of the TRACER study is to assess the feasibility of conducting a multi-center, randomized-controlled trial of a virtual Transition Coach Intervention in youth transferring from pediatric to adult rheumatology care.