Biomarkers.

Background: Interest and consumption of plant-based diets (PBD) in the 21 century continued to increase, particularly in western societies, with the perception that PBDs are associated with beneficial health outcomes and a reduced environmental footprint. Evidence suggests that PBDs may be protective against neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Health effects of PBDs such as reduction of inflammation, shift in gut microbiota composition, reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease are all believed to attribute to reduced AD risk.

Adopting a Holistic Approach to Alcohol Brief Interventions for Women in a Prison Setting in the UK: A Qualitative Exploration.

Currently, women make up only 5% of the prison population, with 3604 women in prison in the UK compared to 74,981 men. Risky drinking is highly prevalent in both the male and female prison population, however, significantly more females drink in a risky way prior to prison (24% compared to 18% of men). In addition to risky drinking, those entering the criminal justice system (CJS), particularly women, are more likely to suffer from inequalities in society.

Not "a cute" complication: phenotypic analysis of acute kidney injury in S. aureus bacteraemia.

Objectives: In this large retrospective cohort analysis, we aimed to determine the incidence of KDIGO-defined acute kidney injury (AKI) within 14 days in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, and the association of AKI with 30-day mortality.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of adults with S. aureus bacteraemia between 1998 to 2023 admitted to a large regional Australian health service.

Randomized trial investigating the utility of a liver tissue transcriptional biomarker in identifying adult liver transplant recipients not requiring maintenance immunosuppression.

The maintenance of stable allograft status in the absence of immunosuppression (IS), known as operational tolerance, can be achieved in a small proportion of liver transplant recipients, but we lack reliable tools to predict its spontaneous development. We conducted a prospective, multicenter, biomarker-strategy design, IS withdrawal clinical trial to determine the utility of a predictive biomarker of operational tolerance. The biomarker test, originally identified in a patient cohort with high operational tolerance prevalence, consisted of a 5-gene transcriptional signature measured in liver tissue collected before initiating IS weaning.

Increasing environmental fluctuations can dampen variability of endogenously cycling populations.

Understanding how populations respond to increasingly variable conditions is a major objective for natural resource managers forecasting extinction risk. The lesson from current modelling is clear: increasing environmental variability increases population abundance variability. We show that this paradigm fails to describe a broad class of empirically observed dynamics, namely endogenously driven population cycles.