Immunophenotypic, genetic, and clinical characterization of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: A single tertiary care center experience in the United States.

Objectives: Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive mature T-cell neoplasm caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Its most common immunophenotype is CD4+/CD7-/CD25+, although unusual immunophenotypes can occur and may lead to misdiagnosis.

Methods: The immunophenotypes, cytogenetics, molecular features, clinical presentations, treatment, and prognosis of 131 patients with ATLL were retrospectively studied in a large tertiary medical center in the United States.

Upregulation of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) with Associated pERK Co-Expression and PRC2 Complex Protein SUZ12 Correlation in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma.

EZH2, a subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is an important methyltransferase that catalyzes the trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). EZH2 is overexpressed in various malignancies. Here, we investigated EZH2 expression and potential signaling molecules that correlate with EZH2 expression in ATLL and other T-cell neoplasms.

MPO Expression of Background Neutrophils in MPO Negative Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia, An Easy Clue to Corroborate a Challenging Diagnosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the pathogenic driver fusion transcript PML-RARA resulting from the t(15;17) translocation. Early recognition of APL with prompt ATRA induction has a decisive impact on the early death rate. The preliminary diagnosis of APL relies heavily on cytomorphology and flow cytometry.

Acute myeloid leukemias with JAK2/STAT mutations are associated with PD-L1 upregulation.

Even though overexpression of the immune checkpoint protein, programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), is observed in solid tumors, its expression patterns in acute myeloid leukemia remain understudied. As activation of the JAK/STAT pathway has been shown to enhance PD-L1 expression in preclinical models, we evaluated biopsies from AML patients with activating mutations in JAK2/STATs. PD-L1 expression was significantly upregulated in JAK2/STAT mutant cases when compared to JAK2 wildtype controls as demonstrated by PD-L1 immunohistochemistry staining and quantified using the combined positive score (CPS) system.

Cardiovascular Involvement of a CD138-Negative Anaplastic Myeloma: A Diagnostic Dilemma.

Anaplastic myeloma (AM) is an extremely rare and aggressive histological variant of myeloma. It is characterized by extramedullary presentation in the young and has a poor prognosis. It can be a diagnostic challenge when myeloma is not suspected and even more when the immunophenotype is unexpected.