Erosion characteristics of raw sewage: investigations for a pumping station in northern Germany under energy efficient pump control.

Flow controlled sewage pumping stations offer high potential for energy savings. But along with a reduced flow velocity, flow-controlled pumping increases the risk of deposits formation. This work presents an experimental procedure to assess the erosion behaviour of municipal wastewater as a basis for solid transport characterization considering an energy efficient pump control.

Multi-criterial evaluation of P-removal optimization in rural wastewater treatment plants for a sub-catchment of the Baltic Sea.

Rural wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are recognized as a significant phosphorous (P)-emission source in the German sub-catchments of the Baltic Sea. But enhancement of P-removal is cost intensive especially for small communities. This study proposes a concept to efficiently reduce P-emissions from WWTP by introducing low-cost non-constructional measures and assessing the resulting change of ambient water quality on a river basin scale.

IWRM decision support with material flow analysis: consideration of urban system input.

A review of material flow analysis (MFA) tools, comparison of case studies and analysis of approximately 20 MFA tools (static, semi-empirical models) are performed. The evaluation of the quantification procedures revealed several deficits in the approaches. The following principal complications for a reliable quantification of inputs from the urban water system are identified: (1) frequently insufficient data for urban system model validation (e.

Hydraulic modelling of sewage exfiltration.

Exfiltration of waste water in sewer networks represents a potential danger for the soil and the aquifer. Various modelling approaches have been proposed to quantify sewerage exfiltration and its spatial and temporal variation. Common models are based on the law of Darcy, extended by a more or less detailed consideration of the expansion of leaks, the characteristics of the soil and the colmation layer.