Improving cefazolin administration for surgical prophylaxis in reported penicillin allergy: A retrospective study of a health system intervention.

Background: Cefazolin is the most common first-line antibiotic to prevent surgical-site infections. Patients with penicillin allergy labels often receive alternative antibiotics, which is associated with increased rates of surgical-site infections, multi-drug-resistant infections, and cost.

Objective: We sought to determine whether a hospital-wide guideline recommending first-line surgical prophylaxis in patients with penicillin allergy labels can increase the use of cefazolin without compromising safety.

More than just a happy talk? Evidence for functional pitch and utterance length modifications in infant-, spouse-, and dog-directed communication.

By comparing infant-directed speech to spouse- and dog-directed talk, we aimed to investigate how pitch and utterance length are modulated by speakers considering the speech context and the partner's expected needs and capabilities. We found that mean pitch was modulated in line with the partner's attentional needs, while pitch range and utterance length were modulated according to the partner's expected linguistic competence. In a situation with a nursery rhyme, speakers used the highest pitch and widest pitch range with all partners suggesting that infant-directed context greatly influences these acoustic features.

Clinical outcomes of a twice daily metronidazole dosing strategy for Bacteroides bloodstream infections.

Objective: The optimal metronidazole dose for the treatment of Bacteroides spp. has not been well-defined.

Methods: This study was a multicenter, retrospective chart review of adult patients with bacteremia secondary to Bacteroides spp.

Prevention and Treatment of Cancer-Related Infections, Version 3.2024, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.

There is an increased risk of infection in patients with cancer that results in higher morbidity and mortality. Several risk factors can predispose these patients to infectious complications. Some such factors include immunocompromised states like neutropenia, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, and graft-versus-host disease, while others include immunosuppressive agents like corticosteroids, purine analogs, monoclonal antibodies, and other emerging cancer therapeutics like CAR T-cell therapy.

ASD-similar social behaviour scores affect stimulus generalization in family dogs.

Generalization, the tendency to respond in the same way to different but similar stimuli, is one of the main cognitive abilities that make category formation possible and thus is a prerequisite for efficiency in learning. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience pervasive difficulty with producing generalized responses across materials, people, places, and contexts. Increasing evidence suggests that "ASD-like" social impairments appear endogenously and spontaneously in family dogs providing a high-validity model for understanding the phenotypic expression of human ASD.