Immunological Pre-Metastatic Niche in Dogs With Naturally Occurring Osteosarcoma.

Pre-metastatic niche (PMN) formation is essential for metastatic development and drives organotropism. Tumour-derived extracellular vesicles and soluble factors remodel the microenvironment of distant metastatic organs before subsequent metastasis. Dogs with osteosarcoma (OS) have proven to be excellent disease models for their human companions.

Early immunohistochemical detection of pulmonary micrometastases in dogs with osteosarcoma.

Background: Despite decades of research, the early phases of metastatic development are still not fully understood. Canine osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly aggressive cancer, with a high metastatic rate (> 90%), despite a low overt metastatic prevalence at initial diagnosis (< 15%). Canine OS is generally regarded as a good clinically relevant model for human OS.

Effect of Ovariohysterectomy at the Time of Tumor Removal in Dogs with Mammary Carcinomas: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Ovarian hormones play crucial roles in mammary carcinogenesis. However, whether ovarian ablation by ovariohysterectomy (OHE) improves the prognosis in dogs with mammary carcinomas is unclear.

Objectives: Determine if OHE at the time of mastectomy improves the prognosis in dogs with mammary carcinomas and evaluate if hormonal factors influence the effect of OHE.

Effect of ovariohysterectomy at the time of tumor removal in dogs with benign mammary tumors and hyperplastic lesions: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Nonmalignant mammary tumors (NMT) are common in intact female dogs. Little is known about the clinical significance of these tumors, and the effect of ovariohysterectomy (OHE) on their development.

Hypothesis: Ovarian hormone ablation through OHE decreases the risk of new tumors and thereby improves long-term prognosis for dogs with NMT.

Dissociable effect of acute varenicline on tonic versus cue-provoked craving in non-treatment-motivated heavy smokers.

Rationale: The effectiveness of varenicline for smoking cessation has been established, but little is known about the psychological processes that mediate this clinical outcome.

Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of a single dose of varenicline on tonic and cue-provoked changes in craving, withdrawal, and affect using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design.

Methods: Following overnight abstinence, 38 non-treatment-motivated smokers received either varenicline 2mg or matched placebo, then tonic measures of craving, withdrawal, and positive and negative affect were obtained at 30-min intervals.