Potential of municipal solid waste paper as raw material for production of cellulose nanofibres.

When aiming for higher resource efficiency, greater utilization of waste streams is needed. In this work, waste paper separated from mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) was studied as a potential starting material for the production of cellulose nanofibres (CNFs). The waste paper was treated using three different techniques, namely pulping, flotation and washing, after which it was subjected to an ultrafine grinding process to produce CNFs.

Reply to the Comment on "Melanisation of Aspergillus terreus-Is Butyrolactone I Involved in the Regulation of Both DOPA and DHN Types of Pigments in Submerged Culture? Microorganisms 2017, 5, 22".

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Melanisation of Aspergillus terreus-Is Butyrolactone I Involved in the Regulation of Both DOPA and DHN Types of Pigments in Submerged Culture?

Pigments and melanins of fungal spores have been investigated for decades, revealing important roles in the survival of the fungus in hostile environments. The key genes and the encoded enzymes for pigment and melanin biosynthesis have recently been found in Ascomycota, including spp. In , the pigmentation has remained mysterious with only one class of melanin biogenesis being found.

Transcriptomic Complexity of Aspergillus terreus Velvet Gene Family under the Influence of Butyrolactone I.

Filamentous fungi of the Ascomycota phylum are known to contain a family of conserved conidiation regulating proteins with distinctive velvet domains. In Aspergilli, this velvet family includes four proteins, VeA, VelB, VelC and VosA, and is involved in conidiation and secondary metabolism along with a global regulator LaeA. In A.

[Recurrent epidemics of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus GI.3 in a small hotel].

Background: Recurrent cases of gastroenteritis occurred in a small hotel. The causative agent of disease could not be detected.

Material And Methods: The cause and the source of the disease were established through epidemiological investigations and laboratory diagnosis.