Availability of community resources reduces the association among community violence exposure, negative emotionality, and substance use disorders.

Background: Exposure to community violence is associated with increased occurrence of substance use disorders (SUD). The self-medication hypothesis states that heightened negative emotionality may underlie the link between exposure to community violence and SUD. However, it is not well-understood if access to community resources, a broader public health approach, influences the purported psychological mechanisms underlying the link between community violence exposure and SUD.

The biogeography of gastrointestinal mucosal microbiota of beef cattle at harvest.

Introduction: The gastrointestinal microbiota profoundly influences the health and productivity of animals. This study aimed to characterize microbial community structures of the mouth, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and feces of cattle.

Methods: Samples were collected from 18 Akaushi crossbred steers at harvest from multiple locations, including the oral cavity, rumen, abomasum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, spiral colon, distal colon, and feces.

Corticotropin-releasing hormone and vasopressin challenge affects metabolic, hematologic, and rumen fermentation parameters of growing beef steers.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of stress challenge duration on metabolic, hematologic, and rumen fermentation parameters of beef steers. Thirty steers (416 ± 19 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design with 2 blocks and 3 treatments. Treatments were intravenous injection of (1) saline at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h ( = 10; control); (2) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin (VP) at 0 h and saline at 24, 48, and 72 h ( = 10; acute); or (3) CRH and VP at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h ( = 10; chronic).

The effect of methionine supplementation on receiving beef steers following a lipopolysaccharide challenge.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of methionine supplementation prior to and during a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on the performance and inflammatory biomarkers of receiving beef steers. Steers ( = 65; 295.8 ± 46.

The misperception of organizational racial progress toward diversity, equity, and inclusion.

Despite a checkered racial history, people in the United States generally believe the nation has made steady, incremental progress toward achieving racial equality. In this article, we investigate whether this U.S.