[Extension of the term of validity of pharmaceutical patents by lawsuits: effects on centralized procurement and the private market].

In 2021, the sole paragraph of article 40 of the Industrial Property Law (LPI) was declared unconstitutional. As a result, some companies filed lawsuits seeking an extension of the term of validity of their pharmaceutical patents. This article aims to estimate the possible economic consequences of the extension of the term of patents in spending on medicines for centralized procurement and the private market.

A Comprehensive Perspective on Intracranial Pressure Monitoring and Individualized Management in Neurocritical Care: Results of a Survey with Global Experts.

Background: Numerous trials have addressed intracranial pressure (ICP) management in neurocritical care. However, identifying its harmful thresholds and controlling ICP remain challenging in terms of improving outcomes. Evidence suggests that an individualized approach is necessary for establishing tolerance limits for ICP, incorporating factors such as ICP waveform (ICPW) or pulse morphology along with additional data provided by other invasive (e.

Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury in Adult Population: The Latin American Brain Injury Consortium Consensus for Definition and Categorization.

Moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a diagnosis that describes diverse patients with heterogeneity of primary injuries. Defined by a Glasgow Coma Scale between 9 and 12, this category includes patients who may neurologically worsen and require increasing intensive care resources and/or emergency neurosurgery. Despite the unique characteristics of these patients, there have not been specific guidelines published before this effort to support decision-making in these patients.

Actors, Institutions, and Policies.

This paper aims to characterize the main actors in the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry - national companies, foreign companies and public laboratories - and analyze how they were affected and how they reacted to changes over the last 30 years in the institutional framework. The results show that national companies have been gaining prominence in the Brazilian pharmaceutical market with their internationalization movement and their strengthening of innovation strategies.

Attributable mortality due to nosocomial sepsis in Brazilian hospitals: a case-control study.

Background: Nosocomial sepsis is a major healthcare issue, but there are few data on estimates of its attributable mortality. We aimed to estimate attributable mortality fraction (AF) due to nosocomial sepsis.

Methods: Matched 1:1 case-control study in 37 hospitals in Brazil.