Publications by authors named "J T Brozinick"

Objective: Circulating lipids are linked with insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular disease risk. We previously reported that dihydroceramides, a specific type of sphingolipid, are elevated in insulin-resistant individuals; however, little is known regarding whether insulin-sensitizing lifestyle interventions can improve profiles of sphingolipids and other lipid species.

Methods: A total of 21 individuals with obesity participated in a 3-month lifestyle intervention of combined weight loss and exercise training.

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Article Synopsis
  • ChREBP is a key transcription factor that regulates genes involved in glucose, fructose, and lipid metabolism when carbohydrates are consumed, but its broader roles in metabolism need more research.* -
  • In a study using liver-specific gene silencing in rats on a high-fat/sugar diet, suppressing ChREBP resulted in lower short-chain acyl CoA metabolites and decreased free CoA levels, affecting various metabolic enzyme expressions.* -
  • Despite ChREBP knockdown enhancing fatty acid oxidation enzymes, the accumulation of liver acylcarnitines and ketones suggested a shift in metabolite processing, alongside maintained pyruvate levels due to increased transporter expression.*
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  • * Research reveals that a deficiency in coenzyme Q (CoQ) and high levels of ceramide in skeletal muscle mitochondria lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing to IR.
  • * Reducing mitochondrial ceramide and increasing CoQ levels may help prevent IR and could inform new treatments for metabolic disorders and related conditions.
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Objective: A buildup of skeletal muscle plasma membrane (PM) cholesterol content in mice occurs within 1 week of a Western-style high-fat diet and causes insulin resistance. The mechanism driving this cholesterol accumulation and insulin resistance is not known. Promising cell data implicate that the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) triggers a cholesterolgenic response via increasing the transcriptional activity of Sp1.

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Article Synopsis
  • * New findings reveal that high levels of ceramides in muscle cells lead to coenzyme Q (CoQ) depletion and mitochondrial issues, contributing to IR.
  • * Reducing ceramide levels or supplementing with CoQ can improve mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity, suggesting a potential pathway for developing new treatments for IR and related disorders.
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