An updated overview on long-acting therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from a perspective of pharmaceutics.

Conventional drug formulations release active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) immediately after administration, while long-acting (LA) drug products are designed for prolonged therapeutic effects, thereby reducing administration frequency and improving patient compliance. The development of LA therapeutics for chronic disease treatment has significantly helped patients adhere to their regimens, reducing the need for daily doses and easing the burden on healthcare systems. Advances in treatment have transformed Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) into a manageable chronic disease, and efforts are underway to eliminate HIV in the future.

Emergence of Omicron FN.1 a descendent of BQ.1.1 in Botswana.

Botswana, like the rest of the world, has been significantly impacted by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In December 2022, we detected a monophyletic cluster of genomes comprising a sublineage of the Omicron variant of concern (VOC) designated as B.1.

Genomic epidemiology and immune escape of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant strains circulating in Botswana.

Objectives: We characterized the molecular and mutational landscape of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant strains in Botswana.

Methods: We performed genomic, phylogenetic, and immunoinformatic analyses of 5254 near-complete genomes from 2020 to 2023. We assessed the presence of mutations of interested (MutOI) that may be associated with immune escape .

Online, asynchronous training in research for residents.

Scholarly activity is a key component of most residency programmes. To establish fundamental research skills and fill gaps within training curricula, we developed an online, asynchronous set of modules called to introduce trainees to various topics that are germane to the conduct of research and evaluated its effectiveness in resident research education. was utilised by residents at One Brooklyn Health in Brooklyn, NY.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) viremia despite tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-containing antiretroviral therapy in persons with HBV/HIV coinfection.

Background: The goal of treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection is suppression of both viruses; yet incomplete HBV suppression on tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) is common. This study investigated TFV resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) in individuals with HBV/HIV coinfection with viremia on TDF/lamivudine (3TC)-containing ART.

Methods: Samples from individuals with HBV DNA levels ≥20 IU/mL in a cross-sectional study of 138 persons with HBV/HIV coinfection in Ghana were analyzed in the present study.