Acute-Phase Recording of the Spreading Depolarization Continuum in Aged Nonhuman Primates During Focal Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Decades of experimental and clinical data revealed that spreading depolarizations (SDs) play a central causal role in the development of cortical lesions after acute brain injury. However, clinical documentation of events at the onset of focal ischemic stroke and during the initial phase of cortical injury development is lacking because electroencephalography monitoring of SD typically starts hours or days later. Here, we used nonhuman primates to map electrophysiological pathology through focal ischemic stroke's onset and acute stage.

Cortical acetylcholine response to deep brain stimulation of the basal forebrain in mice.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) using electrical stimulation of neuronal tissue in the basal forebrain to enhance release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is under consideration to improve executive function in patients with dementia. Although some small studies indicate a positive response in the clinical setting, the relationship between DBS and acetylcholine pharmacokinetics is incompletely understood. We examined the cortical acetylcholine response to different stimulation parameters of the basal forebrain.

Cortical Acetylcholine Response to Deep Brain Stimulation of the Basal Forebrain.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS), the direct electrical stimulation of neuronal tissue in the basal forebrain to enhance release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, is under consideration as a method to improve executive function in patients with dementia. While some small studies indicate a positive response in the clinical setting, the relationship between DBS and acetylcholine pharmacokinetics is incompletely understood.

Objective: We examined the cortical acetylcholine response to different stimulation parameters of the basal forebrain.

Spreading depolarization causes reversible neuronal mitochondria fragmentation and swelling in healthy, normally perfused neocortex.

Mitochondrial function is tightly linked to morphology, and fragmentation of dendritic mitochondria during noxious conditions suggests loss of function. In the normoxic cortex, spreading depolarization (SD) is a phenomenon underlying migraine aura. It is unknown whether mitochondria structure is affected by normoxic SD.

Spreading depolarization causes reversible neuronal mitochondria fragmentation and swelling in healthy, normally perfused neocortex.

Mitochondrial function is tightly linked to their morphology, and fragmentation of dendritic mitochondria during noxious conditions suggests loss of function. In the normoxic cortex, spreading depolarization (SD) is a phenomenon underlying migraine aura. It is unknown whether mitochondria structure is affected by normoxic SD.