Hormones and depression in the advanced age.

Introduction: In older people, depression and mental disability are more frequently present than in younger subjects. It is found that depressionis a risk factor for dementia, just as dementia is a risk factor for depression. In turn, both disturbances are known to be influenced by hormones.

Immunohistochemical detection of prolactin in clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas.

Introduction: Approximately one third of pituitary adenomas are manifested neither by specific symptoms of hormone overproduction nor by elevated blood levels of pituitary hormones. However, these tumours, diagnosed before surgical intervention as clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas (CNFPAs) express in majority different pituitary hormones, as can be revealed by means of immunohistochemical examination. One of the pituitary hormones which may be expressed in CNFPAs is prolactin (PRL) but the clinical and pathological data on this condition are very scarce.

Are physical and mental abilities of older people related to gonadotropins and steroid hormones levels?

Background: Aging is characterized by deep alterations of hormone secretion. In majority, hormone secretion, except gonadotropins, undergoes a pronounced decrease which is thought to contribute to the progression of aging. The recent data indicate that gonadotropin excess may also by itself influence the aging process.

Gonadotropins and steroid hormones in older people: their mutual connections and relations to body mass indices.

Introduction: Aging in mammals, including man, is accompanied by deep changes in hormone secretion. In the majority of cases, hormone secretion (mostly of gonadal steroids and adrenocortical hormone dehydroepiandrosterone - DHEA) undergoes pronounced decrease. This decrease is thought to contribute to the progression of aging.

Dysregulation in IGF-1R, FGFR4 and βKlotho signaling in patients with medullary thyroid cancer.

Background: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a relatively rare thyroid neoplasm derived from neuroendocrine C cells which secrete calcitonin. αKlotho (αKL) and βKlotho (βKL) are transmembrane proteins which modulate different signaling systems, such as endocrine FGFs and IGF1 pathways. Dysregulation of the FGF19/FGFR4/βKL and IGF-1/IGF-1R/αKL signaling axes has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several cancers.